Atherosclerosis and Vascular Diseases
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical degree of occlusion at which chronic occlusion limits flow in the coronary artery?

  • 60%
  • 80%
  • 70% (correct)
  • 50%
  • Which factor contributes to the weakening of plaque integrity, making it unable to resist vascular shear forces?

  • Increased number of smooth muscle cells
  • Presence of foam cells (correct)
  • High blood cholesterol levels
  • Reduced inflammatory cell clusters
  • What is the consequence of partial or complete vascular obstruction triggered by plaque erosion or rupture?

  • Tissue infarction (correct)
  • Lower plaque volume
  • Increased blood flow
  • Reduced cardiac demand
  • Which term is used to describe plaques that contain large numbers of foam cells and abundant extracellular lipids?

    <p>Vulnerable plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes chest pain in patients with stable angina during modest exertion?

    <p>Normal flow at rest and increased demand during exertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plaques are at high risk of rupturing due to having thin fibrous caps with few smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Vulnerable plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries are most commonly affected by atherosclerosis?

    <p>Large elastic arteries and large- to medium-sized muscular arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major clinical consequences of atherosclerosis mentioned in the text?

    <p>Myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, aortic aneurysm, and peripheral vascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors determine the principal pathophysiologic outcome of atherosclerotic lesions?

    <p>The size of the affected vessel, the size and stability of the plaques, and the degree to which plaques disrupt the vessel wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is mentioned in the text that initially preserves the luminal diameter of the affected vessel?

    <p>Remodeling of the media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the limits of remodeling are reached?

    <p>The atheroma begins to impinge on blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of atherosclerosis mentioned in the text?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

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