40 Questions
What gives atherosclerotic plaques their characteristic yellow color?
Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters
Which pigment is most commonly associated with sun tanning?
Melanin
What is the most common inhaled pigment that is phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages?
Carbon (coal dust)
In which cells can exogenous pigments like carbon accumulate?
Macrophages
What pigment acts as a screen against harmful ultraviolet radiation?
Melanin
What are the three categories of intracellular accumulations mentioned in the text?
Normal cellular constituents, abnormal substances, and pigments
Which of the following is not a pathway of abnormal intracellular accumulations according to the text?
Excessive degradation of phagocytosed particles
Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of excess cholesterol within cells?
Fatty liver
What is a common example of an exogenous pigment mentioned in the text?
Coal dust
Which term is defined as an abnormal accumulation of iron in tissues, particularly in organs like the liver?
Hemosiderosis
What is the major storage form of iron that accumulates in tissues when there is an excess of iron?
Hemosiderin
Which pigment is known as the 'wear and tear' pigment, consisting of lipids and phospholipids complexed with proteins?
Lipofuscin
Which type of iron accumulation leads to tissue damage, scarring, and organ dysfunction?
Hemochromatosis
Which pigment can be identified unambiguously by the Prussian blue histochemical reaction?
Hemosiderin
What is the golden-yellow to brown granular pigment that is derived from hemoglobin and can accumulate in liver cells?
Hemosiderin
What is the term used to describe lipofuscin when it imparts an appearance to the tissue that is called brown atrophy?
Brown pigment
What is the typical appearance of lipofuscin in tissue sections?
Perinuclear electron-dense granules
Which of the following tissues is lipofuscin NOT commonly seen in?
Kidney
What forms the abnormal deposition of calcium salts seen in pathologic calcification?
Calcium salts with other minerals such as iron and magnesium
In which condition does dystrophic calcification occur?
Degenerated or dead tissues with normal serum calcium levels
What is the term used to describe the abnormal accumulation of triglycerides within parenchymal cells?
Steatosis
Which of the following is a condition that may result in the accumulation of proteins within cells due to defects in folding and transport?
α1-antitrypsin deficiency
In which of the following conditions does an abnormal exogenous substance accumulate because the cell lacks the enzymatic machinery to degrade it?
Anthracosis
Which of the following substances may accumulate due to an inherited defect in an enzyme responsible for its degradation?
Glycogen
What type of change involves abnormal accumulation of minerals like iron or carbon within cells?
Pigment accumulation
What is the consequence of parathyroid hormone excess on serum calcium levels?
Hypercalcemia
Where does metastatic calcification primarily occur due to increased secretion of parathyroid hormone?
Kidneys
Which condition is NOT a cause of metastatic calcification?
Anemia
In which disease is metastatic calcification associated with renal failure as a cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Renal failure
What is the principle cause of metastatic calcification related to destruction of bone tissue?
Multiple myeloma
What is the major cause of fatty liver?
Alcoholic liver disease
How does protein malnutrition contribute to lipid accumulation in the liver?
By disrupting mitochondria and SER
Which organ is commonly affected by fatty change?
Liver
What morphological changes are observed in a severe fatty liver?
Enlarged, yellow, and greasy liver
What distinguishes lipid accumulations from water or glycogen accumulations in the liver?
Special preparation and stain
Which condition is associated with cholesterol and cholesterol esters accumulation?
Atherosclerosis
How do exogenous pigments like carbon accumulate in cells?
By phagocytosis
What is the effect of hepatotoxins like alcohol on lipid accumulation in the liver?
Disrupt mitochondria and SER
What is the consequence of severe fatty change in the liver?
Cell death
What can disrupt the steps of uptake, catabolism, or secretion leading to lipid accumulation?
Toxins
Test your knowledge on the accumulation of lipid vacuoles in atherosclerotic plaques and the different types of pigments that can accumulate in cells. Learn about the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the characteristics of these pigments.
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