Astronomy: Stars and the Sun

<p>Gravitational influence of Jupiter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Has no atmosphere and craters on its surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divergent plate boundaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mountain range (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Igneous rock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plates slide past each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat from radioactive decay in the core (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes the particles in the nebula to attract. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases in temperature and expands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It pushes back against gravity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It will expand and consume outer planets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become white dwarfs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme temperature and pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mass of hydrogen and helium it holds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Great Red Spot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gravitational pull and flexing from Jupiter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uranus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Titan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It proposes a tentative explanation for a phenomenon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How tectonic plates move across Earth's surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When similar species are found far apart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The star collapses into a white dwarf. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The origin and evolution of the universe. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Andromeda is the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Galaxies are redder than expected due to red shift. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They move away at a speed proportional to their distance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The expansion of the universe from a high-density state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The predictions of the Big Bang Theory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The universe was once unified at a single point. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Galaxies were rotating much faster than expected given their mass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is invisible and does not interact with everyday matter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark matter is more than 5x as abundant as normal matter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least 10 times more massive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes the universe to expand at an accelerating rate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It interacts weakly with other forms of matter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supernovae providing estimates about the universe's composition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exerts a gravitational pull. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A large cloud of dust and gas in space that can form stars.

The force that causes particles in a nebula to attract and collapse.

The series of stages a star goes through from formation to death.

The primary process stars use to produce energy during their main sequence phase.

A phase of a star's life cycle when it expands after burning helium.

A small, dense remnant of a star that has exhausted its nuclear fuel.

A process inside stars where hydrogen atoms combine to form helium, releasing energy.

Stars that are in the stable phase of burning hydrogen, like our Sun.

Early planetary bodies that orbited the sun, around 20-30 in number.

A period that caused intense heat, melting forming planets and leading to differentiation.

The process where heavier materials sink to form a planet's core, while lighter materials create the mantle and crust.

Gas giant planets, including Jupiter, known for their size, rings, and moons.

A sparse region of space between terrestrial and Jovian planets, containing many asteroids.

Formed via seafloor spreading at the mid-Atlantic ridge.

Plates pull apart, generally no earthquakes occur.

Plates pull toward each other, often causing earthquakes.

There are three types: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic.

Volcanoes emerge from hot spots or at plate boundaries.

A form of matter that has mass but does not interact with light, making it invisible.

Rubin found galaxies rotating much faster than expected, indicating more mass was needed to hold them together.

Galaxies would need to be at least 10 times more massive to account for their rapid rotation.

Dark matter does not interact with normal matter except through gravity, passing through ordinary objects.

An unknown force causing the accelerated expansion of the universe, estimated to make up ~70% of it.

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, a proposed type of dark matter particle with very small mass.

Cosmology is the study of the universe's origin and evolution, while astronomy focuses on celestial objects.

Despite being invisible, dark matter's mass exerts a gravitational pull affecting the motion of galaxies.

A gas giant known for its colored bands and the Great Red Spot.

One of Jupiter's 61 moons, similar in size to Earth's moon.

A gas giant known for its spectacular rings composed of rock and ice.

An ice giant with a bland appearance due to methane, rotates on its side.

A tentative explanation for geological phenomena that can be tested.

A well-tested explanation for how tectonic plates move across Earth's surface.

The study of species and ecosystems distribution over time and space.

When similar species exist in widely separated locations.

The branch of astronomy that studies the origin and evolution of the universe.

A system of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter bound by gravity.

Galaxies are moving away from Earth at speeds proportional to their distance.

The theory that the universe began from a small, hot state and has been expanding ever since.

Faint microwave radiation found throughout the universe, evidence of the Big Bang.

The phenomenon where galaxies moving away show longer wavelengths and are redder than expected.