Astronomy and Leadership Quiz

<p>Both Copernicus and Galileo made significant contributions to astronomy, but they differed primarily in their methods: Copernicus was a theorist while Galileo was an observer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Copernicus proposed that the orbits were circular, while Kepler's theory suggested that planets' orbits were elliptical with the Sun at a focal point of the ellipse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He implemented Westernization reforms, shifting Russia's capital to St. Petersburg. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Russia's traditional culture suffered a decline, with some practices being abandoned. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He led Prussia to victory in the Thirty Years' War, securing its territorial expansion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frederick William III (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Russia focused on internal reforms and modernization while Prussia concentrated on military expansion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rationalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans are a blank slate at birth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Checks and balances to limit power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voltaire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removal of religious influence from public affairs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both can coexist harmoniously. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Wealth of Nations, focusing on economics and trade. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culture that is widely accessible to everyone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absolute freedom leads to chaos and insecurity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contributed to his belief in cooperative living. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High Culture is characterized by its complexity and depth, while Mass Culture is simpler and more widespread. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both High Culture and Mass Culture coexist but serve different audiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is considered to be superior and elitist. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New forms of expression have emerged that challenge traditional notions of culture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass Culture is characterized by widespread accessibility and relativity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>James I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cavaliers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dismissal of Parliament for 11 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He wrote a book on monarchy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loyalists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frederick's claim to Silesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He ran away from home due to conflicts with his foster. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only Maria Theresa could inherit the throne. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Austria, Britain, Prussia, France (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed Frederick II to take command of a large army. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oliver Cromwell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disagreements over religious reforms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transition to a limited monarchy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His actions led to the Glorious Revolution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The execution of King Charles I and the establishment of the Commonwealth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It resulted in a significant shift in the global power balance, with France losing ground. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frederick the Great of Prussia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The American Revolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>France experienced a gradual decline in power during the period covered by these notes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A war over the inheritance of the Austrian throne (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He ceased to publish further findings on the subject. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It viewed the universe as a predictable machine operating independently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The notion of fixed wheels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One cannot solely rely on reason to achieve faith. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proposed the Heliocentric view where the Sun is at the center of the universe.

The concept that the Sun is at the center of the universe, with planets orbiting around it.

Studied planetary orbits and found they are elliptical, not circular.

Invented the telescope and published observations in 'Starry Messenger'.

Describe how planets orbit in elliptical paths and vary their speed.

Published Principia in 1687, explaining gravity and motion.

Newton's idea comparing the universe to a clock, governed by natural laws.

A mathematician and philosopher known for ideas about reasonable faith.

A movement emphasizing reason over faith and tradition.

A period of intellectual history emphasizing reason, natural law, and progress.

The concept that certain rights or values are inherent by virtue of human nature.

Philosopher known for advocating checks and balances in government.

Playwright who critiqued the church and supported Deism.

Philosopher who viewed the mind as a 'tabula rasa' or blank slate.

An Enlightenment philosopher known for 'The Social Contract'.

A book by Rousseau discussing the relationship between individuals and government.

Hobbes believed security requires giving up some freedom.

An economist known for 'Wealth of Nations' and ideas on laws and police.

Refers to cultural practices accessible to the general public.

Cultural products and activities viewed as superior, often associated with elite or intellectual groups.

Cultural products and activities that are widely accessible and enjoyed by the general population.

High culture is often seen as better than mass culture, but this perception is shifting.

The changing perceptions of what constitutes high versus mass culture in society.

The ease with which the general public can access and relate to cultural forms.

Russia was dominated by Mongols in the 1200s.

A Russian leader who modernized and westernized Russia.

The process of adopting Western ideas and practices in Russia.

Prussia rose due to effective leadership from notable rulers.

Ruler who created an army and reorganized the Prussian nobility.

Dynasty that ruled England after the Tudor dynasty, starting with James I.

The first Stuart king of England, ruled from 1603 to 1625 and was previously King of Scotland.

Supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War (1642-48).

Supporters of the king during the English Civil War, known for their aristocratic flair.

Conflict from 1642-48 between the Roundheads and Cavaliers over governance.

The daughter of the Habsburg emperor who could rule despite being female.

Conflict between Austria and Prussia over Silesia from 1740-1748.

Became commander of the Prussian army after his father's death.

A territory fought over in the War of the Austrian Succession.

Leader of the Roundheads and Lord Protector from 1653 to 1658.

The return of Charles II to the throne in 1660 after Cromwell's rule.

The 1688 overthrow of James II that led to constitutional monarchy.

Key figure in the war who gained Silesia during the Austrian Succession.

War involving Austria against a coalition of other powers over territorial disputes.

Major global conflict involving France, Britain, Austria, and Russia, impacting Europe and North America.

Treaty that concluded the Seven Years' War, altering European power dynamics.

A transformative event that shifted power in France and inspired other nations.