Astronomy and Human Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the distance of 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) in kilometers?

  • 300,000 kilometers
  • 1,000,000 kilometers
  • 63,240 kilometers
  • 149,597,870 kilometers (correct)

Which telescope uses mirrors to form images?

  • Galilean telescope
  • Refractor telescope
  • Radio telescope
  • Reflector telescope (correct)

Which of the following figures is often referred to as the 'father of modern observational astronomy'?

  • Isaac Newton
  • Galileo Galilei (correct)
  • Johannes Kepler
  • Edwin Hubble

What did Edwin Hubble primarily contribute to astronomy?

<p>Establishment of extragalactic astronomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of October 4, 1957, in the history of space exploration?

<p>The launch of Sputnik I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How far does light travel in one light year?

<p>9.46053e12 kilometers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked the first human to enter space and return safely?

<p>Yuri Gagarin's mission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a radio telescope?

<p>Detecting radiation from celestial objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cervical vertebrae are there in the human vertebral column?

<p>7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

<p>To filter excess fluids and substances from the bloodstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ stores urine in the urinary system?

<p>Urinary Bladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average capacity of the human urinary bladder?

<p>600 to 800 milliliters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a joint?

<p>A point of contact between bones or between a bone and another structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In males, how long is the urethra approximately?

<p>8 to 10 inches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a micro-organism?

<p>It is a living thing too small to be seen without a microscope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is involved in both the urinary and male reproductive systems?

<p>Urethra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of vertebrates is characterized by being warm-blooded and feeding their young with milk?

<p>Mammals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vertebrate classes lays eggs with hard shells?

<p>Birds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of invertebrate is characterized by being pore-bearing?

<p>Porifera (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of invertebrate is described as having a soft body usually living in a shell or exoskeleton?

<p>Mollusks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Amphibians are unique because they spend part of their life in water and part on land. At what stage do they live in water?

<p>When they are young (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does a pulley serve in mechanics?

<p>It allows lifting or lowering heavy objects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a habitat?

<p>A special place where plants and animals live and interact. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of a niche in an ecosystem?

<p>To define the physical environment an organism lives in. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes vertebrates from invertebrates?

<p>Vertebrates possess a bony or cartilaginous backbone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT necessary for an animal to survive in its habitat?

<p>A mate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does sonar function in marine navigation?

<p>By sending out sound waves and measuring their echoes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'community' refer to in an ecosystem?

<p>All the living organisms that inhabit a specific area. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Cowper’s glands?

<p>To secrete alkaline fluid for lubrication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for carrying the ovum to the uterus?

<p>Fallopian tubes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the ovaries play in the female reproductive system?

<p>They produce female sex hormones and ova (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the penis located in relation to the scrotum?

<p>Superior to the scrotum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

<p>It connects the cervix to the exterior of the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the uterus?

<p>An organ that supports the developing fetus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does semen consist of?

<p>Sperm along with various chemicals in a liquid medium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the collective term for the external female genitalia?

<p>Vulva (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the outer ear?

<p>To collect sound and transmit it inward. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the middle ear is responsible for translating sound waves into mechanical energy?

<p>Tympanic membrane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the small bones in the middle ear collectively known as?

<p>Ossicles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the malleus in the ear?

<p>To connect the eardrum to the incus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ear is primarily responsible for translating sounds into messages for the brain?

<p>Cochlea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ear canal assist in sound processing?

<p>It amplifies sound as it moves toward the middle ear. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of ear infections typically occurring in the ear?

<p>They can impact the ability to interpret sound. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone in the ear is known as the stirrup?

<p>Stapes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is an Astronomical Unit (AU)?

The average distance between the Earth and the Sun, equal to 149,597,870 kilometers.

What is Alpha Centauri?

The closest bright star to our solar system.

What is a Light-year?

The distance light travels in one year, about 9.46 trillion kilometers.

What is Astronomy?

The study of celestial objects like planets, stars, galaxies, and more.

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What is a Star?

A massive, luminous sphere of plasma held together by gravity, producing energy through fusion.

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What is a Refractor Telescope?

A telescope that uses lenses to bend light rays and form an image.

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What is a Reflector Telescope?

A telescope that uses mirrors to reflect light rays and form an image.

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What is a Radio Telescope?

A telescope that detects radio waves emitted from objects in space.

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What are Cowper's glands?

A pair of pea-sized glands located below the prostate and in front of the anus. They secrete an alkaline fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any remaining urine acidity.

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What is the penis?

The male external sexual organ located above the scrotum and below the navel. It contains the urethra and its external opening.

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What is semen?

The fluid produced by males for sexual reproduction, released during intercourse. It carries sperm and other chemicals in a liquid medium.

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What are ovaries?

Two almond-shaped glands located on either side of the pelvic cavity near the top of the uterus. They produce female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone, and release ova (eggs).

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What are fallopian tubes?

Two muscular tubes that connect the uterus to the ovaries. They have cilia that help move the ovum towards the uterus.

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What is the uterus?

A hollow, pear-shaped muscular organ located behind the bladder. It's also known as the womb and is essential for carrying a developing fetus during pregnancy.

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What is the vagina?

An elastic tube connecting the cervix of the uterus to the exterior of the body. It's located below the uterus and behind the bladder.

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What is the vulva?

The collective name for the external female genitalia located in the pubic region. It includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.

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What are Mammals?

Warm-blooded animals covered in hair or fur, they give birth to live young and feed their young with milk.

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What are Reptiles?

Cold-blooded animals with scales, they lay eggs and breathe with lungs.

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What are Fishes?

Cold-blooded animals with gills, fins, and scales adapted for living in water. They breathe through gills and lay eggs.

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What are Vertebrates?

Animals with backbones. They are classified into different groups based on their physical characteristics and systems.

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What are Invertebrates?

Animals without backbones. They include various groups like sponges, worms, insects, and starfish.

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What are vertebrae and how are they organized?

The vertebral column is made up of 26 bones called vertebrae, grouped into five regions: cervical (neck), thoracic (chest), lumbar (lower back), sacrum, and coccyx.

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What is the sternum?

The sternum (breastbone) is a thin, flat bone located in the center of the chest, connecting to the ribs.

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What is a joint?

A joint is where two bones meet, allowing for movement and flexibility. This can also be between bone and cartilage or bone and tooth.

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What are kidneys and what do they do?

The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood to create urine. They are located on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity.

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What are ureters and their function?

The ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. They run parallel to the vertebral column on either side of the body.

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What is the urinary bladder?

The urinary bladder is a sac-like organ that stores urine. It is located at the bottom of the pelvis and expands to hold urine.

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What is the urethra?

The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra is longer in males as it also serves to carry sperm.

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What are sense organs?

Sense organs receive information from the external environment and send signals to the brain, enabling us to perceive and respond to our surroundings.

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Outer Ear

The visible part of the ear, shaped like a satellite dish, that collects sound waves and transmits them inward.

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Ear Canal (Meatus)

The channel connecting the outer ear to the middle ear. It amplifies sound and produces ear wax to protect the inner ear.

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Middle Ear

The chamber between the outer and inner ear. It contains small bones that translate sound waves into mechanical energy.

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Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane)

A thin membrane stretched between the outer and middle ear. It vibrates when sound waves hit it, converting sound energy into mechanical energy.

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Malleus (Hammer)

The smallest bone in the body, connected to the eardrum. It vibrates with the eardrum and passes sound to the incus.

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Incus (Anvil)

A bone sitting above the malleus. It receives vibrations from the hammer and transmits them to the stapes.

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Stapes (Stirrup)

The final bone in the middle ear, attached to the incus. It compresses sound waves and passes them to the inner ear.

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Inner Ear (Labyrinth)

The innermost part of the ear. It translates mechanical energy into electrical signals that the brain interprets as sound.

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What is a wedge?

A wedge is a simple machine that is a triangular tool used for separating or splitting objects.

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What is a pulley?

A pulley is a wheel and axle system that uses a rope or chain to lift and lower objects, reducing the effort needed.

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What is a screw?

A screw is a simple machine that is essentially a twisted inclined plane, converting rotational motion into linear motion, allowing for things to be fastened together.

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What is a fulcrum?

A lever is a rigid bar that pivots around a fixed point called a fulcrum, allowing for multiplication of force.

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What is a habitat?

A habitat is like a neighbourhood for plants and animals - the place where they live and find what they need to survive.

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What is a population?

A population is the total number of individuals of a species living within a specific area.

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What is a community?

A community is all the different plants and animals living together and interacting in a particular habitat.

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What is a niche?

A niche is a plant or animal's specific role and place within a habitat, influencing its interactions with other organisms.

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Study Notes

NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT

  • Ecosystem: A network of interactions linking living and non-living parts of an environment.
  • Population: All individuals of the same species in a geographical area interacting through reproduction (sexual or asexual).
  • Migration: Movement of organisms between biomes or across borders.
  • Renewable Resources: Biological resources replaceable by regrowth (e.g., seafood, timber).
  • Non-renewable Resources: Resources not replaceable after use or take a long time (millions of years) to replenish (e.g., fossil fuels).
  • Fossil Fuels: Formed from compressed remains of living organisms over millions of years (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas).
  • Equilibrium: A state where opposing forces are balanced, resulting in a state of rest or balance.
  • Life Cycle: The stages in a plant or animal's life, from birth to death.
  • Consumption: The amount of resources or energy used by a household.
  • Conservation: Preserving and carefully managing natural resources for future generations.
  • Biodegradable: Substances that break down naturally through natural processes (exposure to sun, water, or air).

FOOD WEB AND FOOD CHAIN

  • Food Web: A network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.
  • Trophic Level: Feeding level within a food web.
  • Herbivores: Animals that eat only plants.
  • Detrivore: Organisms that consume dead and decaying plant and animal matter.
  • Carnivore: Animals that eat other animals.
  • Decomposer: Organisms that break down dead or waste materials, recycling nutrients.
  • Consumer: Organisms that obtain food by consuming other organisms (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores).
  • Scavenger: Animals that consume dead organisms killed by other predators, or recently discarded food.
  • Producer: Organisms that create their own food through processes like photosynthesis.
  • Prey: Animals hunted by predators.
  • Predator: Animals that hunt and kill other animals for food.
  • Omnivore: Animals that eat both plants and animals.
  • Niche: The way an organism fits into an ecosystem (habitat, food, interactions with other organisms).
  • Biomes: Large regions with distinct temperatures and rainfall, supporting specific types of plants and animals.
  • Habitat: The natural environment where an animal or plant lives, providing necessities for survival.
  • Estuary: A region where a river meets the sea, mixing fresh and salt water.
  • Local Environment: All factors influencing organisms in a particular area (climate, soil, water etc).
  • Adaptation: Physical characteristics or behaviors that make an organism better suited to its environment.
  • Succession: Progressive changes in an ecosystem (community structure) over time.
  • Biomass: Total mass of living organisms in a particular area.
  • Cell: Basic structural unit of all living organisms.
  • Photosynthesis: Process where plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into food.

ENERGY AND FORCES

  • Potential Energy: Stored energy which is not directly being used.
  • Speed of Light: Constant that equals 299,792,458 meters/second (186,000 miles/second).
  • Static Electricity: Describes objects carrying a charge at rest and interactions between them.
  • Radiation: Heat transfer without a medium.
  • Power: Rate at which work is done or energy transferred.
  • Protons: Positively charged subatomic particles in atom's nucleus.
  • Friction: Resistance force opposing motion when surfaces contact each other.
  • Gravity: Force attracting all masses together.
  • Convection: Heat transfer due to fluid circulation within a system.
  • Conductor: Substance allowing energy transfer (e.g., heat, electricity).
  • Circuit: Closed loop pathway for electric current flow.
  • Acceleration: Rate at which an object changes its velocity.
  • Work: Result from the application of force to move an object through a distance.
  • Molecule: Smallest unit of a substance that retains its chemical characteristics.
  • Hypothesis: Scientific idea that can be proven right or wrong through experimentation.

OTHER

  • Natural Gas: Fossil fuel formed from microscopic plant and animal decomposition.
  • Tidal Energy: Energy harvested from tidal movements by filling reservoirs at high tide and releasing them at low tide.
  • Voltage: Measure of energy available to move charges in electric circuits.
  • Static Electric Charge: Accumulation of electrical charges on an object.
  • Static Discharge: Release of built-up static electricity.
  • Series Circuit: Circuit where current flows through each device in a single path.
  • Pressure: Amount of force applied per unit area.
  • Parallel Circuit: Circuit where the current flows through multiple paths.
  • Net Charge: Electrical balance in a system where positive and negative charges cancel out.
  • Neutral Charge: No net electric charge.
  • Nuclear Energy: Energy released from nuclear reactions (e.g., Uranium).
  • Heat: Form of energy associated with molecular motion.
  • Geothermal Energy: Energy from the Earth's internal heat.
  • Gravity: Force of attraction between objects with mass.
  • Force: Push or pull causing changes in motion or shape.
  • Energy: Ability of an object to do work and comes in different forms (chemical, electrical, mechanical etc).

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