Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the distance of 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) in kilometers?
What is the distance of 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) in kilometers?
- 300,000 kilometers
- 1,000,000 kilometers
- 63,240 kilometers
- 149,597,870 kilometers (correct)
Which telescope uses mirrors to form images?
Which telescope uses mirrors to form images?
- Galilean telescope
- Refractor telescope
- Radio telescope
- Reflector telescope (correct)
Which of the following figures is often referred to as the 'father of modern observational astronomy'?
Which of the following figures is often referred to as the 'father of modern observational astronomy'?
- Isaac Newton
- Galileo Galilei (correct)
- Johannes Kepler
- Edwin Hubble
What did Edwin Hubble primarily contribute to astronomy?
What did Edwin Hubble primarily contribute to astronomy?
What was the significance of October 4, 1957, in the history of space exploration?
What was the significance of October 4, 1957, in the history of space exploration?
How far does light travel in one light year?
How far does light travel in one light year?
Which event marked the first human to enter space and return safely?
Which event marked the first human to enter space and return safely?
What is the function of a radio telescope?
What is the function of a radio telescope?
How many cervical vertebrae are there in the human vertebral column?
How many cervical vertebrae are there in the human vertebral column?
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
Which organ stores urine in the urinary system?
Which organ stores urine in the urinary system?
What is the average capacity of the human urinary bladder?
What is the average capacity of the human urinary bladder?
Which of the following best describes a joint?
Which of the following best describes a joint?
In males, how long is the urethra approximately?
In males, how long is the urethra approximately?
What is the main characteristic of a micro-organism?
What is the main characteristic of a micro-organism?
Which organ is involved in both the urinary and male reproductive systems?
Which organ is involved in both the urinary and male reproductive systems?
Which class of vertebrates is characterized by being warm-blooded and feeding their young with milk?
Which class of vertebrates is characterized by being warm-blooded and feeding their young with milk?
Which of the following vertebrate classes lays eggs with hard shells?
Which of the following vertebrate classes lays eggs with hard shells?
What type of invertebrate is characterized by being pore-bearing?
What type of invertebrate is characterized by being pore-bearing?
Which type of invertebrate is described as having a soft body usually living in a shell or exoskeleton?
Which type of invertebrate is described as having a soft body usually living in a shell or exoskeleton?
Amphibians are unique because they spend part of their life in water and part on land. At what stage do they live in water?
Amphibians are unique because they spend part of their life in water and part on land. At what stage do they live in water?
What function does a pulley serve in mechanics?
What function does a pulley serve in mechanics?
What is a habitat?
What is a habitat?
What is the main role of a niche in an ecosystem?
What is the main role of a niche in an ecosystem?
What distinguishes vertebrates from invertebrates?
What distinguishes vertebrates from invertebrates?
Which of the following components is NOT necessary for an animal to survive in its habitat?
Which of the following components is NOT necessary for an animal to survive in its habitat?
How does sonar function in marine navigation?
How does sonar function in marine navigation?
What does the term 'community' refer to in an ecosystem?
What does the term 'community' refer to in an ecosystem?
What is the primary function of Cowper’s glands?
What is the primary function of Cowper’s glands?
Which structure is responsible for carrying the ovum to the uterus?
Which structure is responsible for carrying the ovum to the uterus?
What role do the ovaries play in the female reproductive system?
What role do the ovaries play in the female reproductive system?
Where is the penis located in relation to the scrotum?
Where is the penis located in relation to the scrotum?
What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?
What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?
Which of the following accurately describes the uterus?
Which of the following accurately describes the uterus?
What does semen consist of?
What does semen consist of?
What is the collective term for the external female genitalia?
What is the collective term for the external female genitalia?
What is the primary function of the outer ear?
What is the primary function of the outer ear?
Which structure in the middle ear is responsible for translating sound waves into mechanical energy?
Which structure in the middle ear is responsible for translating sound waves into mechanical energy?
What are the small bones in the middle ear collectively known as?
What are the small bones in the middle ear collectively known as?
What is the role of the malleus in the ear?
What is the role of the malleus in the ear?
Which part of the ear is primarily responsible for translating sounds into messages for the brain?
Which part of the ear is primarily responsible for translating sounds into messages for the brain?
How does the ear canal assist in sound processing?
How does the ear canal assist in sound processing?
What is the main consequence of ear infections typically occurring in the ear?
What is the main consequence of ear infections typically occurring in the ear?
Which bone in the ear is known as the stirrup?
Which bone in the ear is known as the stirrup?
Flashcards
What is an Astronomical Unit (AU)?
What is an Astronomical Unit (AU)?
The average distance between the Earth and the Sun, equal to 149,597,870 kilometers.
What is Alpha Centauri?
What is Alpha Centauri?
The closest bright star to our solar system.
What is a Light-year?
What is a Light-year?
The distance light travels in one year, about 9.46 trillion kilometers.
What is Astronomy?
What is Astronomy?
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What is a Star?
What is a Star?
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What is a Refractor Telescope?
What is a Refractor Telescope?
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What is a Reflector Telescope?
What is a Reflector Telescope?
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What is a Radio Telescope?
What is a Radio Telescope?
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What are Cowper's glands?
What are Cowper's glands?
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What is the penis?
What is the penis?
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What is semen?
What is semen?
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What are ovaries?
What are ovaries?
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What are fallopian tubes?
What are fallopian tubes?
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What is the uterus?
What is the uterus?
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What is the vagina?
What is the vagina?
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What is the vulva?
What is the vulva?
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What are Mammals?
What are Mammals?
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What are Reptiles?
What are Reptiles?
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What are Fishes?
What are Fishes?
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What are Vertebrates?
What are Vertebrates?
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What are Invertebrates?
What are Invertebrates?
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What are vertebrae and how are they organized?
What are vertebrae and how are they organized?
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What is the sternum?
What is the sternum?
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What is a joint?
What is a joint?
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What are kidneys and what do they do?
What are kidneys and what do they do?
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What are ureters and their function?
What are ureters and their function?
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What is the urinary bladder?
What is the urinary bladder?
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What is the urethra?
What is the urethra?
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What are sense organs?
What are sense organs?
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Outer Ear
Outer Ear
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Ear Canal (Meatus)
Ear Canal (Meatus)
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Middle Ear
Middle Ear
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Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane)
Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane)
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Malleus (Hammer)
Malleus (Hammer)
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Incus (Anvil)
Incus (Anvil)
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Stapes (Stirrup)
Stapes (Stirrup)
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Inner Ear (Labyrinth)
Inner Ear (Labyrinth)
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What is a wedge?
What is a wedge?
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What is a pulley?
What is a pulley?
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What is a screw?
What is a screw?
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What is a fulcrum?
What is a fulcrum?
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What is a habitat?
What is a habitat?
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What is a population?
What is a population?
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What is a community?
What is a community?
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What is a niche?
What is a niche?
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Study Notes
NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT
- Ecosystem: A network of interactions linking living and non-living parts of an environment.
- Population: All individuals of the same species in a geographical area interacting through reproduction (sexual or asexual).
- Migration: Movement of organisms between biomes or across borders.
- Renewable Resources: Biological resources replaceable by regrowth (e.g., seafood, timber).
- Non-renewable Resources: Resources not replaceable after use or take a long time (millions of years) to replenish (e.g., fossil fuels).
- Fossil Fuels: Formed from compressed remains of living organisms over millions of years (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas).
- Equilibrium: A state where opposing forces are balanced, resulting in a state of rest or balance.
- Life Cycle: The stages in a plant or animal's life, from birth to death.
- Consumption: The amount of resources or energy used by a household.
- Conservation: Preserving and carefully managing natural resources for future generations.
- Biodegradable: Substances that break down naturally through natural processes (exposure to sun, water, or air).
FOOD WEB AND FOOD CHAIN
- Food Web: A network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.
- Trophic Level: Feeding level within a food web.
- Herbivores: Animals that eat only plants.
- Detrivore: Organisms that consume dead and decaying plant and animal matter.
- Carnivore: Animals that eat other animals.
- Decomposer: Organisms that break down dead or waste materials, recycling nutrients.
- Consumer: Organisms that obtain food by consuming other organisms (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores).
- Scavenger: Animals that consume dead organisms killed by other predators, or recently discarded food.
- Producer: Organisms that create their own food through processes like photosynthesis.
- Prey: Animals hunted by predators.
- Predator: Animals that hunt and kill other animals for food.
- Omnivore: Animals that eat both plants and animals.
- Niche: The way an organism fits into an ecosystem (habitat, food, interactions with other organisms).
- Biomes: Large regions with distinct temperatures and rainfall, supporting specific types of plants and animals.
- Habitat: The natural environment where an animal or plant lives, providing necessities for survival.
- Estuary: A region where a river meets the sea, mixing fresh and salt water.
- Local Environment: All factors influencing organisms in a particular area (climate, soil, water etc).
- Adaptation: Physical characteristics or behaviors that make an organism better suited to its environment.
- Succession: Progressive changes in an ecosystem (community structure) over time.
- Biomass: Total mass of living organisms in a particular area.
- Cell: Basic structural unit of all living organisms.
- Photosynthesis: Process where plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into food.
ENERGY AND FORCES
- Potential Energy: Stored energy which is not directly being used.
- Speed of Light: Constant that equals 299,792,458 meters/second (186,000 miles/second).
- Static Electricity: Describes objects carrying a charge at rest and interactions between them.
- Radiation: Heat transfer without a medium.
- Power: Rate at which work is done or energy transferred.
- Protons: Positively charged subatomic particles in atom's nucleus.
- Friction: Resistance force opposing motion when surfaces contact each other.
- Gravity: Force attracting all masses together.
- Convection: Heat transfer due to fluid circulation within a system.
- Conductor: Substance allowing energy transfer (e.g., heat, electricity).
- Circuit: Closed loop pathway for electric current flow.
- Acceleration: Rate at which an object changes its velocity.
- Work: Result from the application of force to move an object through a distance.
- Molecule: Smallest unit of a substance that retains its chemical characteristics.
- Hypothesis: Scientific idea that can be proven right or wrong through experimentation.
OTHER
- Natural Gas: Fossil fuel formed from microscopic plant and animal decomposition.
- Tidal Energy: Energy harvested from tidal movements by filling reservoirs at high tide and releasing them at low tide.
- Voltage: Measure of energy available to move charges in electric circuits.
- Static Electric Charge: Accumulation of electrical charges on an object.
- Static Discharge: Release of built-up static electricity.
- Series Circuit: Circuit where current flows through each device in a single path.
- Pressure: Amount of force applied per unit area.
- Parallel Circuit: Circuit where the current flows through multiple paths.
- Net Charge: Electrical balance in a system where positive and negative charges cancel out.
- Neutral Charge: No net electric charge.
- Nuclear Energy: Energy released from nuclear reactions (e.g., Uranium).
- Heat: Form of energy associated with molecular motion.
- Geothermal Energy: Energy from the Earth's internal heat.
- Gravity: Force of attraction between objects with mass.
- Force: Push or pull causing changes in motion or shape.
- Energy: Ability of an object to do work and comes in different forms (chemical, electrical, mechanical etc).
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