Astronomy and Earth Science Quiz

A system of planets and other celestial bodies orbiting a star, such as the Sun.

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun.

The spinning of Earth on its axis, taking approximately 24 hours to complete one full rotation.

The apparent movement of the sun across the sky from east to west, caused by Earth's rotation.

The angle at which Earth's axis is tilted, causing variations in sunlight and temperature across the globe, impacting seasons.

The regular pattern of day and night, caused by Earth's rotation, which exposes one half of the planet to sunlight while the other faces away.

The rise and fall of ocean water levels, caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on Earth's water.

The movement of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun, taking approximately 365.25 days to complete one full revolution.

The time it takes for Earth to complete one full revolution around the sun, resulting in a year.

The combination of Earth's rotation and revolution, which determines the lengths of days and years and influences seasonal changes.

The layer of rock that makes up the Earth's crust and upper mantle. It's like the planet's hard outer shell.

It's the part of the Earth that contains all its water, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and groundwater. Think of all the blue you see on a globe!

It's the planet's living layer! This includes all plants, animals, and even microorganisms.

It's the blanket of gas that surrounds our planet. It's what we breathe and it protects us from harmful rays from the sun.

The interaction of these systems influences every environment on Earth. For example, high mountains often have lower temperatures because of the interaction of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere.

The second most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere is oxygen. It makes up about 21% of the air we breathe.

Nitrogen and oxygen make up about 99% of the atmosphere. The other 1% includes gases like argon, carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor.

Nitrogen enters the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions and the decomposition of dead plants and animals.

Molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface.

Molten rock that has erupted onto the Earth's surface.

Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies within the Earth's crust.

Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation and cementation of sediments, like sand, silt, and clay.

The process of transforming existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or even metamorphic) into new types of rock under heat and pressure.

Metamorphic rocks are formed when pre-existing rocks undergo changes due to heat and pressure within the Earth's crust.

Heat and pressure are the primary agents causing the transformation of rocks into metamorphic rocks.

Marble is a metamorphic rock formed from limestone.

The central layer of the Earth, primarily composed of nickel and iron.

The outer surface or layer of the Earth, primarily composed of rocks.

An imaginary line that passes through the Earth's center, around which it rotates.

The movement of the Earth around the Sun, taking approximately 365.25 days to complete one full cycle.

The movement of the Earth on its axis, taking approximately 24 hours to complete one full rotation.

The time it takes for a population to double in size. It's calculated using the formula: Doubling Time = 70 / Growth Rate.

A rapid increase in population size is often attributed to factors like advancements in science, medicine, and agriculture, leading to improved living conditions and reduced mortality rates.

The rate at which a population increases over a specific period. It's usually expressed as a percentage.

The world population has grown dramatically over the last 250 years. In 1750, there were only 791 million people, but by 2000, the population had exceeded 6 billion.

Advancements in areas like medicine, agriculture, and industry have played a key role in population growth.