Astronaut Vestibular Assessment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What adaptation did some hypersensitive astronauts display in relation to foot sole sensitivity in space?

  • No change in foot sole sensitivity
  • Increased foot sole vibration sensitivity (correct)
  • Decreased vibration sensitivity
  • Reduced foot sole sensitivity to touch

    • Which test did the astronauts perform poorly on, indicating reduced vestibular function?

  • SOT-5 test (correct)
  • Foot sole sensitivity test
  • Equilibrium Score assessment
  • Computerized Dynamic Posturography test (CDP)

    • What does the Neurocom balance platform measure in astronauts?

  • Reaction time to stimuli
  • Muscle strength
  • Coordination of limb movements
  • Postural stability (correct)

    • What does the acronym SOT-5 stand for in the context of vestibular assessment?

    <p>Sensory Organization Test - 5 conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Sensory Organization Test (SOT-5) used in astronaut assessments?

    <p>To assess postural stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main implication of increased vibration sensitivity in hypersensitive astronauts?

    <p>It compensates for decreased vestibular function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does postural stability immediately after returning from the ISS compare to before departure?

    <p>It is elevated relative to before</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of damage occurs due to head trauma, specifically described in the context?

    <p>Diffuse Axonal Damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation is assessed in astronauts during their stay on the ISS?

    <p>Sensitivity to vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of a coup injury in the context of head trauma?

    <p>Contusion at the site of impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the postural stabilograms indicates more swaying?

    <p>Longer black lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe long-term effects resulting from repeated brain injuries?

    <p>Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors did researchers consider when testing astronauts' sensitivity to vibration?

    <p>Different frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system plays a significant role in concussion, as mentioned?

    <p>Vestibular System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym SOT stand for in the context of astronaut assessments?

    <p>Sensory Organization Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key finding about astronauts' balance control after their return from the ISS?

    <p>Their balance control worsens immediately after return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is primarily used in clinical settings to rate symptoms of concussion?

    <p>Glasgow Coma Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT-5) focus on?

    <p>Rating various symptoms of concussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an app-based tool used for tracking concussion testing?

    <p>HeadCheck Health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Protxx device?

    <p>Measure balance performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the effect of head trauma on the vestibular system?

    <p>It damages the vestibular hair cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of impact generates the highest rotational accelerations?

    <p>Being punched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Sensory Organization Tests?

    <p>To examine somatosensory input related to body sway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to higher linear translations in football compared to other sports?

    <p>Body checks and collisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major concern arises from severe head trauma related to blood vessels?

    <p>Hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a high-density crescent-shaped fluid collection on a CT scan after a head injury?

    <p>Acute subdural hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is true?

    <p>CTE is caused by exposure to head trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive symptoms are often associated with CTE?

    <p>Aggression and memory reductions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of severe head trauma evidenced by historical incidents in sports?

    <p>Deaths due to hematomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hematoma is characterized by a high-density area within the brain's subcortical region?

    <p>Traumatic intracerebral hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of professional activity is associated with a higher risk of developing CTE?

    <p>Military service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What result from autopsies indicates severe neurological damage related to CTE?

    <p>Deterioration of the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when visual information is described as 'sway referenced'?

    <p>The visual scene moves along with the observer's postural sway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is particularly sensitive to detecting vestibular dysfunction in individuals with concussions?

    <p>Sensory Organization Test - Condition 5 (SOT-5)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do career fighters' vestibular system responses compare to non-fighters based on their history of Repetitive Head Impacts (RHI)?

    <p>They have lower and delayed vestibular system responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect was observed in lower-limb muscles during sparring matches at lighter intensities?

    <p>Acute drop in vestibulospinal reflex amplitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'locked ankle at 90°' imply for somatosensory receptor activation?

    <p>Reduced activation of somatosensory receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between vestibular system aging and fighters?

    <p>Fighters show advanced aging of their vestibular system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the presence of a Short Latency Response (SLR)?

    <p>Immediate muscular response to vestibular stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding Stochastic Vestibular Stimulation (SVS)?

    <p>SVS can aid in diagnosing vestibular system issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of a contre-coup injury?

    <p>The brain contacting the skull on the opposite side of initial impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major change occurs in nerve cells as a result of tearing the cell membrane during diffuse axonal injury?

    <p>Ionic imbalances affecting electrical signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What imaging technique is commonly used to detect severe damage from diffuse axonal injury?

    <p>Computed Tomography (CT scan)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk of severe diffuse axonal injury related to blood vessels?

    <p>Hematoma from tearing of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sub-concussive impacts generally detected in brain imaging scans?

    <p>They typically do not show clear hyperintense regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of hyperintense regions indicates that diffuse axonal injury has occurred?

    <p>They are white-colored on imaging scans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do ionic imbalances have on nerve cells during diffuse axonal injury?

    <p>They disrupt the adaptation rates of action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence can result from severe tearing of blood vessels during a traumatic brain injury?

    <p>Hematoma formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lecture 18: Humans in Space: Adaptations in Microgravity II

    • Sensorimotor Adaptation in Space: Research examines how astronauts' sensory and motor systems adapt to microgravity.
    • Astronaut Training and Research: This includes training programs and studies conducted on astronauts.
    • Selective skin sensitivity changes and sensory reweighting following short-duration space flight: Studies show changes in sensitivity to vibration in astronauts before and after space missions, impacting cutaneous receptors.
    • Lowrey et al 2014 study: This study investigated selective skin sensitivity changes and sensory reweighting following short-duration space flight. Their experiment involved testing astronauts before and after their stay on the ISS, observing vibration sensitivity variations.

    Lecture 18: Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (mTBI) & Concussion

    • Diffuse Axonal Damage: Head trauma damages brain tissue resulting in neuronal damage.
    • Brain Hemorrhage (Hematoma): Severe head trauma can lead to bleeding in the brain, a critical concern.
    • Long-Term Effects – Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): Repeated concussions can cause CTE, a progressive neurological disorder.
    • Clinical Tools for Assessing Concussion: The Glasgow Coma Scale, SCAT-5 and HeadCheck Health are used to assess concussion severity and monitor recovery.
    • Role of Vestibular System in Concussion: Head trauma can damage the vestibular system altering balance, and posture. This can manifest in abnormal responses or decreased coordination.

    Specific Research and Concepts

    • Sensorimotor Adaptations in Space (further research/concepts): Studies involve measuring postural stability, evaluating the effects of microgravity, and analyzing how adaptations in cutaneous receptors relate to various vestibular functions.
    • **Neurocom Balance Platform:**Used in assessing postural stability, detecting any imbalance or swaying in patient's posture.
    • Sensorimotor Adaptation in Space: Assesses sensitivity to vibration before and after space missions (using four types of cutaneous receptors and specific frequencies).
    • Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): Repeated head injuries lead to CTE, characterized by progressive damage to the brain. Symptoms manifest in personality changes and memory loss.
    • Glasgow Coma Scale: Clinically used to rate concussion severity based on eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.
    • Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT-5): Widely used, participant-driven scale for assessing concussion symptoms, used in various sports and leagues.
    • Protxx: A company creating wearable technology for measuring balance and detecting concussion in athletes.
    • Stochastic Vestibular Stimulation (SVS): Researchers use this to stimulate the vestibular system to study how concussions impact and how the vestibular system recovers.
    • Vestibulospinal Reflex (VSR): Lower-limb muscle responses during head movements, reflecting vestibular system function. Drop in VSR amplitude can be a sign of concussion, even at lower levels of impact.

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    Lecture 18: Humans in Space & Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the vestibular assessments performed on astronauts in space. This quiz covers adaptations, tests, and implications related to balance and sensitivity in microgravity conditions. Explore how astronauts' postural stability is affected before and after missions, along with the effects of head trauma.

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