Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characterizes asthma as a chronic disease of the airways?
What characterizes asthma as a chronic disease of the airways?
- Airway hyper-responsiveness
- Inflammation
- Permanent expiratory airflow obstruction
- Both A and C (correct)
Which of the following describes a common clinical manifestation of asthma?
Which of the following describes a common clinical manifestation of asthma?
- Normal expiratory airflow
- Inability to inhale deeply
- Persistent cough and wheezing (correct)
- Excessive sputum production
What type of asthma endotype is characterized by the presence of eosinophils?
What type of asthma endotype is characterized by the presence of eosinophils?
- Paucigranulocytic asthma
- Mixed granulocytic asthma
- Allergic eosinophilic asthma (correct)
- Non-allergic eosinophilic asthma (correct)
Which test is used to assess expiratory airflow obstruction in asthma?
Which test is used to assess expiratory airflow obstruction in asthma?
What indicates corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma patients?
What indicates corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma patients?
What is the typical FEV1/FVC ratio observed in obstructive lung diseases such as asthma?
What is the typical FEV1/FVC ratio observed in obstructive lung diseases such as asthma?
What does the presence of neutrophils in asthma indicate?
What does the presence of neutrophils in asthma indicate?
Which of the following is true regarding beta-2 agonist responsiveness in asthma?
Which of the following is true regarding beta-2 agonist responsiveness in asthma?
Which of the following best describes bronchoconstriction in asthma?
Which of the following best describes bronchoconstriction in asthma?
In asthma pathology, what does airway remodeling refer to?
In asthma pathology, what does airway remodeling refer to?
What best defines the term 'endotype' in the context of asthma?
What best defines the term 'endotype' in the context of asthma?
Which of the following statements about corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma is correct?
Which of the following statements about corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma is correct?
Which phenotype of asthma is primarily associated with the patient's clinical presentation rather than the inflammatory process?
Which phenotype of asthma is primarily associated with the patient's clinical presentation rather than the inflammatory process?
What is the expected FEV1/FVC ratio in a patient exhibiting an obstructive pattern of asthma?
What is the expected FEV1/FVC ratio in a patient exhibiting an obstructive pattern of asthma?
What is the primary implication of having both FEV1 and TLC values that are low?
What is the primary implication of having both FEV1 and TLC values that are low?
What condition is characterized by an increase in airway smooth muscle mass due to ongoing inflammation in asthma?
What condition is characterized by an increase in airway smooth muscle mass due to ongoing inflammation in asthma?
Which of the following describes a common misconception about asthma treatments?
Which of the following describes a common misconception about asthma treatments?
What aspect of asthma makes it classified as a heterogeneous disease?
What aspect of asthma makes it classified as a heterogeneous disease?
Flashcards
Asthma Definition
Asthma Definition
A chronic airway disease marked by inflammation, reversible airflow blockage, hyper-reactive airways, and remodeling.
Asthma Inflammation
Asthma Inflammation
Persistent airway inflammation is the core issue driving all asthma symptoms.
Asthma Endotypes
Asthma Endotypes
Different inflammatory processes causing various asthma types.
Asthma Phenotypes
Asthma Phenotypes
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Expiratory Airflow Obstruction
Expiratory Airflow Obstruction
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FEV1/FVC Ratio
FEV1/FVC Ratio
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Corticosteroid Insensitivity
Corticosteroid Insensitivity
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Reversible Airflow Obstruction
Reversible Airflow Obstruction
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Airway Hyper-responsiveness
Airway Hyper-responsiveness
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Asthma Treatment
Asthma Treatment
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What causes asthma's inflammation?
What causes asthma's inflammation?
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What are asthma 'endotypes'?
What are asthma 'endotypes'?
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What are asthma 'phenotypes'?
What are asthma 'phenotypes'?
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Explain 'reversible airflow obstruction' in asthma.
Explain 'reversible airflow obstruction' in asthma.
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What is airway 'hyper-responsiveness'?
What is airway 'hyper-responsiveness'?
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What is 'corticosteroid insensitivity'?
What is 'corticosteroid insensitivity'?
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What happens during 'expiratory airflow obstruction' in asthma?
What happens during 'expiratory airflow obstruction' in asthma?
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What is 'airway remodeling' in asthma?
What is 'airway remodeling' in asthma?
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Study Notes
Asthma Overview
- Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by:
- Inflammation
- Reversible expiratory airflow obstruction
- Airway hyper-responsiveness
- Airway remodeling
Asthma Endotypes
- Endotypes describe the inflammatory process in patients
- Five asthma endotypes have been proposed:
- Allergic eosinophilic asthma
- Non-allergic eosinophilic asthma
- Neutrophilic asthma
- Paucigranulocytic asthma
- Mixed granulocytic asthma
Asthma Phenotypes
- Phenotypes describe the clinical manifestations of asthma
- Five phenotypes have been proposed:
- Early symptom predominant
- Obese non-eosinophilic
- Benign asthma
- Early onset atopic
- Concordant symptoms
Response to Treatment
- Corticosteroid insensitivity:
- Failure to improve FEV1 by at least 15% within 10-14 days of prednisolone 40mg daily.
- Irresponsiveness to beta-2 agonists:
- Patients don't respond to inhalers for unknown reasons
Clinical Presentation
- Cough
- Wheezing (decreased breath sound in severe cases)
- Chest tightness
- Shortness of breath
Treatment for Asthma
- Conventional therapy:
- Reliever medications: Short-acting bronchodilators (beta-2 agonists) to dilate airways
- Controller medications: Anti-inflammatory agents (corticosteroids) and long-acting bronchodilators (beta-2 agonists) to reduce inflammation and cause of all symptoms
- Treatment for acute asthma exacerbation:
- Inhaled bronchodilators: Beta-2 agonists or anticholinergics; MDI or nebulizer; Heliox (helium and oxygen mixture) may be added
- Systemic corticosteroids: Prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, (IV/oral)
- Subcutaneous epinephrine: 1 mg/mL (1:1000) solution (but terbutaline may be preferred for children)
- Antibiotics: Indicated only when history, examination, or chest x-ray suggests underlying bacterial infection
- Magnesium sulfate: Airway smooth muscle relaxant used as a bronchodilator (controversial)
Expiratory Airflow Obstruction
- Inability to exhale normally
- Assessed by spirometry:
- Reduced FEV1/FVC ratio (<70%)
- Reduced FEV1 (defines severity)
- Normal or reduced FVC
- Asthma is reversible (unlike COPD)
- Following bronchodilator administration (12% or/and 200 ml increase in FEV1)
PFT Revision
- Obstructive disorders: low FEV1/FVC, low FEV1, normal TLC
- Restrictive disorders: Normal FEV1/FVC but low TLC
- Mixed disorders: Low FEV1/FVC and low TLC
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Description
Explore the complexities of asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and airway obstruction. This quiz delves into various asthma endotypes and phenotypes, alongside their clinical implications and treatment responses. Test your knowledge on this vital health topic.
