Questions and Answers
What is asthma?
A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways.
Which of the following are risk factors for asthma? (Select all that apply)
Which factors can trigger an asthma attack?
Cockroaches, furry animals, fungi, and molds.
What are the clinical manifestations of asthma? (Select all that apply)
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Wheezing is an unreliable sign to gauge the severity of an asthma attack.
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What typically happens during an acute asthma attack?
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What is the purpose of the peak flow meter?
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Patients with intermittent asthma require ____ for treatment.
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What are SABAs?
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What is a safety alert for asthma patients?
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Oral corticosteroids are not recommended for severe asthma.
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Match the drug therapy type with its description:
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What should be avoided in asthma management unless there's a bacterial infection?
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Study Notes
Asthma Overview
- Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, causing wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough.
- Episodes often worsen at night or early morning; airflow obstruction is typically reversible.
Risk Factors for Asthma
- Influenced by genetics, immune responses, allergens, exercise, air pollutants, occupational exposure, respiratory infections, nasal issues, drugs/additives, GERD, psychological stress, and obesity.
Clinical Manifestations
- Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, and chest tightness after exposure to triggers.
- Cough variant asthma presents solely with cough, often with thick mucus.
Acute Asthma Attack
- Patients often sit upright, anxious, and struggle to breathe; accessory muscles are used.
- Signs during an acute attack include hypoxemia, restlessness, increased heart rate, and difficulty speaking.
Severe Exacerbations
- Life-threatening attacks feature minimal relief from medications and may require ER intervention.
- Patients may present with confusion, increased respiratory rates, bradycardia at critical peak flow levels, and potential need for intubation.
Diagnostic Tools
- Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) confirm asthma diagnosis.
- Bedside spirometry monitors obstruction; additional tests like CBC and sputum cultures may rule out infections.
Treatment Approach
- Focuses on achieving rapid symptom control to restore daily function.
- Short-acting bronchodilators (SABAs like albuterol) are primary rescue medications.
- Long-term management in persistent asthma includes corticosteroids.
Medication Types
- Anti-inflammatory drugs include corticosteroids and leukotriene modifiers, aimed at reducing airway inflammation.
- Bronchodilators such as SABAs provide rapid relief, while LABAs are used for long-term control alongside corticosteroids.
- Anticholinergic medications serve as alternatives for patients intolerant to SABAs.
Inhalation Devices
- Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs) require proper technique; a spacer improves medication delivery to the lungs.
- Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs) deliver powdered medication with no spacer needed.
- Nebulizers convert liquid medication into mist, suitable for severe cases or those with inhalation difficulty.
Nursing Interventions
- Focus on detailed patient history during assessments if not in acute distress.
- Implement action plans for managing acute exacerbations, emphasizing peak flow monitoring and quick response to medication needs.
- Create a calming environment during attacks and incorporate breathing techniques to reduce panic.
Peak Flow Meter
- Measuring peak flow is crucial; should be recorded daily to establish personal best for treatment adjustments.
- Consistent measurements help in assessing asthma control and response to therapy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on asthma nursing interventions with these flashcards. Each card contains key definitions and risk factors associated with asthma. Perfect for nursing students and professionals looking to enhance their understanding of this chronic condition.
