Asthma Medications
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids in treating asthma?

  • Reduce inflammation and swelling in airways (correct)
  • Relax airway smooth muscle
  • Prevent mast cell degranulation
  • Inhibit production of leukotrienes
  • Which medication type is indicated for mild to moderate asthma and exercise-induced bronchospasm?

  • Leukotriene modifiers (correct)
  • Beta2-agonists
  • Mast cell stabilizers
  • Inhaled corticosteroids
  • What is the focus of pharmacogenetics in the context of asthma treatment?

  • Developing new medications for asthma
  • Understanding genetic variation affecting response to medications (correct)
  • Studying the side effects of medications
  • Analyzing the causes of asthma
  • What is the primary purpose of bronchodilators in asthma treatment?

    <p>Relaxing airway smooth muscle to increase airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication type is used to prevent mast cell degranulation, reducing bronchospasm and inflammation?

    <p>Mast cell stabilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of inhaled corticosteroids, particularly at high doses?

    <p>Adrenal suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Inhaled Corticosteroids

    • Most effective long-term control medication for asthma
    • Reduce inflammation and swelling in airways
    • Examples:
      • Fluticasone (Flovent)
      • Budesonide (Pulmicort)
      • Triamcinolone (Azmacort)
    • Dose-dependent side effects:
      • Oropharyngeal candidiasis
      • Dysphonia
      • Adrenal suppression (high doses)

    Leukotriene Modifiers

    • Inhibit production of leukotrienes, which cause airway constriction and inflammation
    • Examples:
      • Montelukast (Singulair)
      • Zafirlukast (Accolate)
    • Indications:
      • Mild to moderate asthma
      • Exercise-induced bronchospasm
    • Side effects:
      • Headache
      • Gastrointestinal disturbances
      • Churg-Strauss syndrome (rare)

    Pharmacogenetics

    • Study of genetic variation affecting response to asthma medications
    • Genetic polymorphisms influencing response to:
      • Beta2-agonists
      • Corticosteroids
      • Leukotriene modifiers
    • Implications:
      • Personalized medicine
      • Tailored treatment approaches
      • Improved treatment outcomes

    Bronchodilators

    • Quick-relief medications for acute asthma symptoms
    • Types:
      • Beta2-agonists:
        • Short-acting (SABA): Albuterol (Ventolin)
        • Long-acting (LABA): Salmeterol (Serevent)
      • Anticholinergics:
        • Ipratropium (Atrovent)
    • Mechanism:
      • Relax airway smooth muscle
      • Increase airflow
    • Side effects:
      • Tremors
      • Anxiety
      • Tachycardia

    Mast Cell Stabilizers

    • Prevent mast cell degranulation, reducing bronchospasm and inflammation
    • Examples:
      • Cromolyn sodium (Intal)
      • Nedocromil (Tilade)
    • Indications:
      • Mild to moderate asthma
      • Exercise-induced bronchospasm
    • Side effects:
      • Cough
      • Bad taste
      • Gastrointestinal disturbances

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    Description

    This quiz covers different types of medications used to treat asthma, including inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, bronchodilators, and mast cell stabilizers. It explains their mechanisms, indications, and side effects.

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