Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main function of IgE antibody in eosinophils and mast cells?
What is the main function of IgE antibody in eosinophils and mast cells?
- To detect the allergen (correct)
- To release histamine
- To neutralize the allergen
- To activate the immune cells
What is the primary effect of β2 agonists in asthma treatment?
What is the primary effect of β2 agonists in asthma treatment?
- Inhibiting eosinophil activation
- Stimulating T cell activation
- Preventing mast cell release
- Relaxing bronchial smooth muscle (correct)
What is the role of MHC Class II in asthma?
What is the role of MHC Class II in asthma?
- To inhibit mast cell activation
- To release cytokines
- To activate eosinophils
- To present allergens to T cells (correct)
What is the late phase of asthma characterized by?
What is the late phase of asthma characterized by?
What is the main effect of muscarinic receptor antagonists in asthma treatment?
What is the main effect of muscarinic receptor antagonists in asthma treatment?
What is the primary mechanism of action of methylxanthines in asthma treatment?
What is the primary mechanism of action of methylxanthines in asthma treatment?
Which of the following side effects is most likely to occur with oral steroid use?
Which of the following side effects is most likely to occur with oral steroid use?
What is the primary mechanism of action of sodium cromoglicate?
What is the primary mechanism of action of sodium cromoglicate?
Which of the following medications is NOT a first-choice drug for the treatment of bronchoconstriction?
Which of the following medications is NOT a first-choice drug for the treatment of bronchoconstriction?
The late phase of asthma is characterized by the prevention of further allergen entry.
The late phase of asthma is characterized by the prevention of further allergen entry.
MHC Class II is involved in the detection of allergens by eosinophils and mast cells.
MHC Class II is involved in the detection of allergens by eosinophils and mast cells.
β2 agonists are the first-choice drugs for the treatment of bronchoconstriction.
β2 agonists are the first-choice drugs for the treatment of bronchoconstriction.
The early phase of bronchospasm is caused by the recruitment and activation of immune cells.
The early phase of bronchospasm is caused by the recruitment and activation of immune cells.
Muscarinic receptor antagonists are oral medications with a high incidence of side effects.
Muscarinic receptor antagonists are oral medications with a high incidence of side effects.
Theophylline is a type of β2 agonist.
Theophylline is a type of β2 agonist.
Montelukast has strong anti-inflammatory activity.
Montelukast has strong anti-inflammatory activity.
Bronchiolar smooth muscle has a lot of sympathetic innervation.
Bronchiolar smooth muscle has a lot of sympathetic innervation.
M antagonists are used to treat bronchoconstriction.
M antagonists are used to treat bronchoconstriction.
Sodium cromoglicate has a well-understood mechanism of action.
Sodium cromoglicate has a well-understood mechanism of action.
Steroids can be used as a first-choice treatment for bronchoconstriction.
Steroids can be used as a first-choice treatment for bronchoconstriction.
Sodium cromoglicate can be given orally or by inhalation.
Sodium cromoglicate can be given orally or by inhalation.
Study Notes
Asthma
- FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in one second) measures lung function in asthma patients.
- Early phase bronchospasm prevents further allergen entry, while late phase inflammation involves recruitment and activation of immune cells.
Role of T cells in Asthma
- T cells recognize allergens through MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class II.
- Eosinophils and mast cells use IgE antibody to detect allergens.
Stages of Asthma and Mediators
- Asthma stages involve early phase bronchospasm, late phase inflammation, and chronic inflammation.
Bronchodilators
- β2 agonists (e.g., salbutamol, salmeterol) are first-choice drugs for asthma, providing quick relief and preventing mast cell release.
- Muscarinic receptor antagonists (e.g., ipratropium) provide symptomatic relief with few side effects.
- Methylxanthines (e.g., theophylline) have a long duration of action, but common side effects include nausea, headache, and insomnia.
Prophylactic Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
- Steroids (e.g., beclomethasone) are first-choice drugs, providing slow-acting relief (3-7 days) with side effects like oral candidiasis and hoarseness.
- Sodium cromoglicate is a mast cell stabilizer, decreasing sensory nerve stimulation, but is weak and not effective in all patients.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of asthma, including FEV1, bronchospasm, and the role of T cells, eosinophils, and mast cells in inflammation. Learn about the immune response and its relation to asthma. Based on Dr. Penny Lympany's lecture notes.
