Asthma Drugs Overview
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Asthma Drugs Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of second-generation antihistamines like Loratidine?

  • They block H1 histamine receptors (correct)
  • They suppress mast cell degranulation
  • They block H2 histamine receptors
  • They inhibit proinflammatory mediators

    • Which of the following conditions is least likely to be treated with corticosteroids?

  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Allergic rhinitis
  • Asthma
  • Anaphylactic reactions (correct)

    • What kind of drug is sodium cromoglicate, and what is its primary action?

  • A mast cell stabilizer that prevents degranulation (correct)
  • A bronchodilator that stimulates beta-2 receptors
  • An immunosuppressive drug that enhances inflammation
  • An antihistamine that blocks H1 receptors

    • In the context of treating acute Type I hypersensitivity reactions, what is the primary role of adrenaline (epinephrine)?

    <p>To induce bronchodilation and improve breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is specifically classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?

    <p>Ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of beta-2 adrenoreceptor agonists in treating respiratory conditions?

    <p>They induce bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug primarily targets the inhibition of TNF in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Monoclonal antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of 1st generation antihistamines?

    <p>They can cross the blood-brain barrier causing sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs?

    <p>Increased susceptibility to infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of sodium cromoglicate in managing allergies?

    <p>Prevents mast cell degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs functions as a beta-2 adrenoreceptor agonist?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune response does Type I hypersensitivity represent?

    <p>Immediate hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary effect of first-generation antihistamines like chlorphenamine?

    <p>Cause sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anti-inflammatory steroids?

    <p>Directly stimulates mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is primarily treated with monoclonal antibodies like Infliximab?

    <p>Autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of drugs is primarily used to inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)?

    <p>Monoclonal antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism allows non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation?

    <p>Inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by urticaria and angioedema as symptoms?

    <p>Type I hypersensitivity reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key action of immunosuppressive drugs?

    <p>Suppress specific immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antihistamine is least likely to cause sedation?

    <p>Loratidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of beta-2 adrenoreceptor agonists in respiratory treatments?

    <p>Bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms does sodium cromoglicate utilize in allergy management?

    <p>Prevents mast cell degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these drugs primarily works as an immunosuppressive agent in treating autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Cyclophosphamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is true about first-generation antihistamines like chlorphenamine?

    <p>They can cross the blood-brain barrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Asthma Drugs

    • Anti-histamines block H1 histamine receptors produced by mast cells, they are used to treat type I hypersensitivity reactions which include allergic rhinitis, urticaria, angioedema and anaphylactic reactions.
    • Anti-histamine uses: treat type I hypersensitivity reactions, allergic rhinitis, acute type 1 allergic reactions, urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic reactions which should be treated with intramuscular adrenaline/epinephrine.
    • Anti-histamine types:
      • First generation (sedative): chlorphenamine
      • Second generation (non-sedative): loratidine
    • Sodium cromoglycate prevents mast cell degranulation and inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators.
    • Beta 2 adrenoceptor agonists cause bronchodilation, they are used to treat asthma.
    • Steroids are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs used to treat asthma and other inflammatory conditions.
    • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit cyclooxygenase.
    • Monoclonal antibodies are used to treat severe asthma, they target TNF (tumor necrosis factor) and suppress the activity of inflammatory cells.
      • Examples: infliximab, etanercept.
    • Immunosuppressants used to treat severe asthma, they suppress the immune system.
      • Examples: cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil.

    Vaccination

    • Enhances immunity.

    Treatment of Allergy

    • Suppresses immunity.

    Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases

    • Suppresses immunity.
    • Treatment involves using drugs that suppress the immune system.

    Pro-inflammatory Mediators

    • Inflammatory cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes produce pro-inflammatory mediators.

    Asthma Medications

    • Antihistamines block H1 histamine receptors, produced by mast cells.
      • Uses: Treats type I hypersensitivity reactions, including allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and angioedema.
      • Treatment of Anaphylaxis: Intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) is used for anaphylactic reactions.
    • Antihistamine Types:
      • First-generation (sedative): Chlorphenamine
      • Second-generation (non-sedative): Loratidine

    Immunomodulatory Drugs

    • Steroids (anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive): Reduce inflammation by suppressing the production of proinflammatory mediators.
    • Sodium Cromoglycate: Prevents the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells by blocking degranulation.
    • Beta-2 Adrenoreceptor Agonists: Cause bronchodilation.

    Other Asthma Treatments

    • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes.
    • Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors:
      • Infliximab and Etanercept: Medications used to block TNF, a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
    • Immunosuppressants: Suppress the immune system, reducing inflammation.
      • Cyclophosphamide, Azathioprine, Mycophenolate Mofetil
    • Monoclonal Antibodies: Target specific immune cells or molecules to block their activity.

    Antihistamines

    • Block H1 histamine receptors
    • Produced by mast cells
    • Used for Type I hypersensitivity reactions
      • Allergic rhinitis
      • Urticaria
      • Angioedema
      • Anaphylactic reactions
    • Anaphylactic Reactions should be treated with intramuscular adrenaline/epinephrine
    • Types:
      • Sedative (1st generation): Chlorphenamine
      • Non-Sedative (2nd generation): Loratadine

    Asthma Drugs

    • Pathogenic Effect in Asthma: H1 receptor activation leads to bronchoconstriction
    • Sodium Cromoglicate:
      • Blocks mast cell degranulation
      • Prevents the release of inflammatory mediators
    • Beta-2 Adrenoreceptor Agonists:
      • Cause bronchodilation
    • Steroids:
      • Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive
    • Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs):
      • Inhibit cyclooxygenase

    Treatment of Allergy and Autoimmune Diseases

    • Immunosuppressive Drugs:
      • TNF-alpha inhibitors:
        • Infliximab
        • Etanercept
      • Other Immunosuppressants:
        • Cyclophosphamide
        • Azathioprine
        • Mycophenolate mofetil
    • Monoclonal Antibodies:
      • Used to target specific immune cells or molecules
    • Suppression of Immune cells:
      • Monocytes
      • Macrophages
      • Granulocytes
    • Proinflammatory Mediators:
      • Produced by these cells (monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes)

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    Principles of Immunosuppression and Immunomodulation PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers various asthma drugs and their classifications, including anti-histamines, beta 2 adrenoceptor agonists, and steroids. It delves into the uses, types, and mechanisms of action of these medications in treating asthma and allergic reactions.

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