NP 2

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the airways during an acute asthma attack?

They narrow further due to bronchospasm, leading to increased airway resistance. (correct)

They become less sensitive to stimuli.

They become more permeable to allergens.

They expand and become less resistant.

What is the main difference between otitis media and otitis externa?

Otitis media is more painful than otitis externa.

Otitis media is more common in children, while otitis externa is more common in adults.

Otitis media is caused by bacterial infections, while otitis externa is caused by viral infections.

Otitis media involves the middle ear, while otitis externa involves the outer canal. (correct)

What typically precedes an acute otitis media infection?

Swimming

A common cold (correct)

Pneumonia

Poor hygiene

Why is a radiographic examination performed on a newborn with Imperforate anus?

To determine the distance between the anal dimple and the closed end of the rectum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of otitis media?

Bacterial and viral infections Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of otitis externa?

Radiating pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the trigeminal and facial nerve in otitis externa?

Responsible for sensation and movement Signup and view all the answers

Why is otitis media more common in children than in adults?

Because the Eustachian tube in children is shorter and more horizontal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of radiography in assessment of imperforate anus?

To determine the distance of the close end of the rectum from the anal dimple Signup and view all the answers

What is the nurse's highest priority while the neonate is in the nursery, besides maintaining a patent airway?

Maintain neutral thermal environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of brown fat in newborns?

Regulation of body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of maintaining neutral thermal environment in neonates?

Reduced morbidities associated with hyperthermia and hypothermia Signup and view all the answers

Why is placing the crib close to the nursery window least effective in maintaining a neutral thermal environment?

Heat loss by radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of covering the scale with a warmed blanket prior to weighing?

To maintain neutral thermal environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glycogen in newborns?

Regulation of glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining a neutral thermal environment crucial for neonates?

To prevent morbidities associated with hyperthermia and hypothermia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Hirschsprung's disease?

Abdominal distention Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal time for an infant to pass their first meconium stool?

Within 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected finding when performing a rectal exam on children with Hirschsprung's disease?

Presence of hard caked stool Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of abdominal distention in Hirschsprung's disease?

Ribbon-like or hard caked stool Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible indication of an early sign of megacolon in a newborn?

Delayed passage of meconium stool Signup and view all the answers

Why may an infant need further evaluation?

If they take longer than 48 hours to pass meconium stool Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of stool in Hirschsprung's disease?

Ribbon-like or hard caked Signup and view all the answers

What is a common diagnosis made in an infant with undernutrition and ribbon-like stools?

Hirschsprung's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for immediate drying of the neonate after birth?

To remove wetness that could lead to evaporative heat loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for taking a woman's vital signs in the immediate postpartum period?

Every 15 minutes during the first hour and then every 30 minutes for the next two hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal size of clots found in lochia during the first 1 to 2 days after birth?

Smaller than 1 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority action when clots larger than 1 cm are found in lochia?

Notify the physician Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of placing the neonate on a warm, dry towel after birth?

To remove wetness that could lead to evaporative heat loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame referred to as the initial or acute period in the postpartum woman?

First 6-12 hours Signup and view all the answers

Why is vitamin K routinely administered to newborns?

To prevent faulty blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication that may occur during the initial or acute period in the postpartum woman?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the postpartum assessment?

Evaluating overall maternal and neonatal well-being Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for administering silver nitrate drops in a newborn's eyes?

To prevent ophthalmia neonatorum Signup and view all the answers

Where would you expect to administer a vitamin K injection to a newborn?

Vastus lateralis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to prevent evaporative heat loss in a neonate immediately after birth?

Immediately drying the neonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a newborn having low levels of vitamin K?

Abnormal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Why is the vastus lateralis muscle ideal for vitamin K injection in newborns?

It has a large muscle mass Signup and view all the answers

What is ophthalmia neonatorum caused by?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin K in newborns?

Proper blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acute Asthma Attack

During an acute asthma attack, the airways narrow further due to bronchospasm, leading to increased airway resistance.

Otitis Media and Otitis Externa

Otitis media involves the middle ear, whereas otitis externa involves the outer canal.
Otitis media typically follows a common cold, while otitis externa occurs from swimming.
Otitis media can cause pain, while otitis externa produces radiating pain.

Acute Otitis Media

Acute otitis media usually occurs after an upper respiratory infection.
This type of ear infection typically follows a common cold.

Imperforate Anus

Radiographic examination is done to determine the distance between the anal dimple and the closed end of the rectum.

Hirschsprung's Disease

Hirschsprung's disease is a condition that affects the large intestine (colon) and causes problems with passing of ribbon-like or hard caked stool.
Abdominal distention is a key symptom of Hirschsprung's disease.
Meconium should be passed ideally within the first 24 hours and less frequently within the first 48 hours.
A rectal exam on children with Hirschsprung's disease may reveal an empty rectum.
A provisional diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease may be made based on the presence of ribbon-like stools and undernutrition.

Newborn Care

Maintaining a neutral thermal environment is the nurse's highest priority while the newborn is in the nursery.
Brown fat helps to keep the newborn's body temperature regulated.
Heat loss by radiation can occur when an infant's crib is positioned too close to cold walls or windows.
Vitamin K is routinely administered to newborns to prevent faulty blood clotting.
Silver nitrate drops are used to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum, a type of conjunctivitis caused by exposure to Neisseria gonorrhoeae during birth.
The vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh is the ideal site for injection in newborns due to its large muscle mass and lower risk of nerve injury.
Immediate drying of the neonate after birth removes the wetness that could lead to evaporative heat loss.
Postpartum vital signs should be taken every 15 minutes during the first hour and then every 30 minutes for the next two hours.

Postpartum Assessment

Clots larger than 1 cm in the lochia are considered abnormal and require notification of the physician.

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