Asthma and Bronchiectasis Overview Quiz

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Which of the following cell types is NOT typically found in increased numbers in the airway during an asthma attack?

Eosinophils

Fibroblasts (correct)

Macrophages

Lymphocytes

Mast Cells

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the lower respiratory tract.

True (A)

What are the two main phases of asthma response?

The immediate phase and the late phase.

The phase of asthma is characterized by a rapid bronchoconstriction, while the phase involves a more prolonged inflammatory response.

immediate, late Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mediators with their roles in the asthma response:

Histamine = Causes smooth muscle contraction and vascular permeability Leukotrienes = Contribute to bronchoconstriction, vascular permeability, and mucus production Cytokines (IL-4, IL-5) = Promote eosinophil differentiation and recruitment Eotaxin = Attracts eosinophils to the site of inflammation Major basic protein = Toxic to epithelial cells and contributes to tissue damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of bronchial obstruction that predisposes to bronchiectasis?

Lung cancer (D) Signup and view all the answers

Asthma attacks are characterized by cough and wheezing due to bronchoconstriction.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of bronchiectasis?

Cough and expectoration of copious amounts of purulent sputum Signup and view all the answers

In bronchiectasis, there is an increase in the size of the _______ glands.

submucosal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their effects on bronchiectasis:

Cystic fibrosis = Widespread severe bronchiectasis Immunodeficiency states = Localized or diffuse bronchiectasis Primary ciliary dyskinesia = Rare autosomal recessive disorder Chronic bronchitis = Complicates bronchiectasis Signup and view all the answers

Which morphological change is NOT associated with bronchiectasis?

Decreased submucosal vascularity (A) Signup and view all the answers

In bronchiectasis, patients do not experience symptoms between their acute attacks.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the clinical features of an asthma attack?

Severe dyspnea and wheezing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

Lung nodules (B) Signup and view all the answers

Males are affected more often than females by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the radiologic pattern associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) Signup and view all the answers

Repeating injury and defective repair of ________ epithelium leads to interstitial fibrosis in IPF.

alveolar Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can exhibit similar pathologic changes to those seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Asbestosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following potential environmental factors with their relevance to IPF:

Smoking = Known risk factor for lung diseases Occupational exposure = Possible trigger for lung injury Gastroesophageal reflux = Potential contributing factor to fibrosis Viral infections = Possible source of lung injury Signup and view all the answers

The exact cause of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is well understood.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

At what age does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis typically begin to occur?

50 years of age Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cellular reaction present in simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP)?

Macrophage accumulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Less than 20% of cases of simple CWP progress to progressive massive fibrosis (PMF).

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the common clinical features of PMF?

Increasing pulmonary dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale. Signup and view all the answers

In coal work, exposure to higher levels of __________ is linked to an increased risk of CWP.

coal dust Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions related to coal mine dust exposure with their characteristics:

Anthracosis = Carbon pigment deposits without cellular reaction Simple CWP = Macrophages accumulate with little dysfunction Complicated CWP = Extensive fibrosis with compromised lung function PMF = Progressive lung disease requiring more intervention Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes coal mine dust?

Contains trace metals and crystalline silica (B) Signup and view all the answers

Once established, PMF does not progress in the absence of further exposure.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between coal dust exposure and the risk of developing complicated CWP?

Higher coal dust exposure increases the risk of developing complicated CWP. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of type II pneumocytes in the alveoli?

Synthesizing pulmonary surfactant (A) Signup and view all the answers

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can occur exclusively due to pulmonary diseases.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two principal types of alveolar epithelial cells?

Type I and Type II pneumocytes Signup and view all the answers

The most frequent triggers of ARDS include pneumonia and __________.

sepsis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following causes of ARDS with their corresponding descriptions:

Pneumonia = 35%-45% of cases Sepsis = 30%-35% of cases Trauma = Includes factors like brain injury and abdominal surgery Aspiration = Involves inhalation of foreign material Signup and view all the answers

Within how long after a known clinical insult does ARDS occur?

Within 1 week (B) Signup and view all the answers

Alveolar macrophages typically contain phagocytosed carbon particles in city dwellers.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

ARDS is graded based on the severity of blood __________.

hypoxemia Signup and view all the answers

Which inflammatory cells are primarily involved in chronic bronchitis?

Neutrophils (A) Signup and view all the answers

Weight loss in chronic bronchitis cannot suggest an occult malignant tumor.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does a reduced FEV1 to FVC ratio indicate in chronic bronchitis?

Airflow obstruction due to small airway disease. Signup and view all the answers

The classic presentation of emphysema includes a patient who is __________ and dyspneic.

barrel-chested Signup and view all the answers

What is a prominent symptom of emphysema?

Dyspnea (C) Signup and view all the answers

Chronic bronchitis is characterized by the presence of eosinophils in the airways.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms to their condition:

Chronic Bronchitis = Mucus hypersecretion Emphysema = Barrel-chested appearance Both = Dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

In chronic bronchitis, pulmonary function tests reveal reduced FEV1 with normal or near-normal _________.

FVC Signup and view all the answers

Asthma and Bronchiectasis Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following cell types is NOT typically found in increased numbers in the airway during an asthma attack?

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the lower respiratory tract.

What are the two main phases of asthma response?

The ______ phase of asthma is characterized by a rapid bronchoconstriction, while the ______ phase involves a more prolonged inflammatory response.

Match the following mediators with their roles in the asthma response:

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of bronchial obstruction that predisposes to bronchiectasis?

Asthma attacks are characterized by cough and wheezing due to bronchoconstriction.

What is a common symptom of bronchiectasis?

In bronchiectasis, there is an increase in the size of the _______ glands.

Match the following conditions with their effects on bronchiectasis:

Which morphological change is NOT associated with bronchiectasis?

In bronchiectasis, patients do not experience symptoms between their acute attacks.

What is one of the clinical features of an asthma attack?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

Males are affected more often than females by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

What is the term used for the radiologic pattern associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Repeating injury and defective repair of ________ epithelium leads to interstitial fibrosis in IPF.

Which of the following conditions can exhibit similar pathologic changes to those seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Match the following potential environmental factors with their relevance to IPF:

The exact cause of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is well understood.

At what age does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis typically begin to occur?

What is the primary cellular reaction present in simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP)?

Less than 20% of cases of simple CWP progress to progressive massive fibrosis (PMF).

What are the common clinical features of PMF?

In coal work, exposure to higher levels of __________ is linked to an increased risk of CWP.

Match the following conditions related to coal mine dust exposure with their characteristics:

Which of the following best describes coal mine dust?

Once established, PMF does not progress in the absence of further exposure.

What is the relationship between coal dust exposure and the risk of developing complicated CWP?

What is the primary function of type II pneumocytes in the alveoli?

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can occur exclusively due to pulmonary diseases.

What are the two principal types of alveolar epithelial cells?

The most frequent triggers of ARDS include pneumonia and __________.

Match the following causes of ARDS with their corresponding descriptions:

Within how long after a known clinical insult does ARDS occur?

Alveolar macrophages typically contain phagocytosed carbon particles in city dwellers.

ARDS is graded based on the severity of blood __________.

Which inflammatory cells are primarily involved in chronic bronchitis?

Weight loss in chronic bronchitis cannot suggest an occult malignant tumor.

What does a reduced FEV1 to FVC ratio indicate in chronic bronchitis?

The classic presentation of emphysema includes a patient who is __________ and dyspneic.

What is a prominent symptom of emphysema?

Chronic bronchitis is characterized by the presence of eosinophils in the airways.

Match the following symptoms to their condition:

In chronic bronchitis, pulmonary function tests reveal reduced FEV1 with normal or near-normal _________.

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