Asthma and Bronchiectasis Overview Quiz

A severe respiratory failure occurring within 1 week of a clinical insult with bilateral opacities on imaging.

The process and mechanisms leading to extensive bilateral alveolar injury in ARDS.

Flattened cells covering 95% of the alveolar surface, crucial for gas exchange.

Rounded cells that synthesize pulmonary surfactant and help repair alveolar damage.

A fluid secreted by type II pneumocytes that reduces surface tension in alveoli.

Pneumonia, sepsis, and trauma are frequent causes of ARDS.

ARDS is different from the newborn syndrome caused by surfactant deficiency.

Cells that lie free within alveoli, involved in phagocytosis and immune response.

A respiratory condition marked by chronic cough and mucus production, not involving eosinophils.

Tests revealing reduced FEV1 and normal FVC in chronic bronchitis patients.

In chronic bronchitis, this ratio is reduced due to small airway disease.

A condition involving air space enlargement and reduced diffusion capacity.

Substances released from T cells that mediate the effects of irritants on respiratory epithelium.

Condition visible on imaging studies indicative of emphysema.

Right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung diseases.

Cough and wheezing may be initial symptoms in chronic bronchitis.

A bluish discoloration of the skin due to low oxygen levels.

A lung disease characterized by patchy interstitial fibrosis of unknown origin.

A specific pattern of lung fibrosis often seen in IPF, with 'honeycombing'.

Various external triggers that may contribute to the development of IPF.

The process of interstitial fibrosis believed to arise from lung injury and defective repair.

Characterized by dyspnea and patchy edema in advanced stages.

Genetic predisposition is believed to play a significant role in IPF development.

A lung condition involving dilated and damaged bronchi, leading to cough and sputum.

Cough and expectoration of copious purulent sputum.

Based on medical history and radiographic evidence of bronchial dilation.

Changes in airway structure due to chronic inflammation, applicable to asthma and bronchiectasis.

Includes tumors, foreign bodies, and mucus impaction leading to localized bronchiectasis.

A genetic condition leading to severe bronchiectasis due to thick mucus and recurrent infections.

Conditions where recurrent bacterial infections lead to bronchiectasis due to weak defenses.

An autosomal recessive disorder where cilia fail to function, often causing bronchiectasis.

An airway with normal mucus levels, goblet cells, and minimal inflammation.

An airway with mucus accumulation, goblet cell proliferation, and marked inflammation.

Cells in the airway epithelium that secrete mucus.

An abnormal increase in the thickness of the airway's basement membrane, seen in asthma.

White blood cells that play a key role in asthma-related inflammation.

A cytokine that recruits eosinophils to the site of inflammation in asthma.

Narrowing of the airways due to smooth muscle contraction, common in asthma attacks.

Nerve fibers that carry signals from the airways to the brain, contributing to cough reflex.

A substance that triggers an immune response, such as allergens in asthma.

The delayed reaction to allergens characterized by sustained inflammation and airway obstruction.

Asymptomatic condition with carbon pigment deposits in the lungs.

Chronic exposure leading to macrophage accumulation with minimal dysfunction.

Progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) causing significant lung dysfunction.

Extensive pulmonary fibrosis with lung function compromise.

Increased blood pressure in the lungs leading to heart complications.

Higher exposure risk associated with coal dust and trace metals.

CT imaging characteristic seen in advanced lung fibrosis.