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Asteroid Impacts and Mass Extinctions
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Asteroid Impacts and Mass Extinctions

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following practices can help decrease carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

  • Planting more trees (correct)
  • Encouraging deforestation
  • Consuming more meat
  • Increasing fossil fuel consumption

    • What is the likely effect of adding more than 60 kg of fertilizer per hectare on wheat yield?

  • Significantly increases the yield
  • Decreases the yield due to toxicity
  • Makes the wheat resistant to diseases
  • Has little to no impact on yield (correct)

    • Which factor does NOT affect the growth of seaweed according to the content?

  • Temperature
  • Light intensity
  • The type of seaweed
  • The volume of gas produced (correct)

    • What role do nitrates play in the growth of wheat plants?

    <p>They are used to make proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should we stop deforestation as a measure against climate change?

    <p>It increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does reducing air travel relate to carbon dioxide emissions?

    <p>It decreases energy usage and emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely to influence the concentration of nitrates in the soil?

    <p>Geographical location of the field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct outcome of respiration and combustion processes in relation to climate change?

    <p>Increase in carbon dioxide levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What size of a comet is likely to cause a mass extinction event?

    <p>10 kilometers or larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago?

    <p>Temperature rise from the heat of the impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the complete loss of a very large number of species?

    <p>Mass extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of the asteroid collision 67 million years ago that affected plant survival?

    <p>Dust that blocked sunlight preventing photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT describe a meteoroid?

    <p>A celestial rock larger than 1 meter in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect did the asteroid's challenge create for terrestrial animals after collision?

    <p>Loss of food due to plant death from dust and heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the climate been described over the last 2000 years?

    <p>Fairly stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a meteorite?

    <p>A meteoroid that survives through the atmosphere to reach Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the increase in mean temperatures on Earth?

    <p>Increase in carbon dioxide concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carbon dioxide affect the Earth's temperature?

    <p>It traps heat energy in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant temperature change occurred between 1880 and 1910?

    <p>Temperature fell by 0.3°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the temperature increase from 1910 to 2016?

    <p>1.6°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of climate helps people decide which crops to grow?

    <p>Annual changes in precipitation and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much higher was the mean temperature in 2016 compared to 1880?

    <p>1.3°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the Y-axis of the temperature graph?

    <p>It shows differences from the temperature in 1880</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

    <p>Increased heat retention on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been observed as a consequence of higher temperatures in the atmosphere?

    <p>Increase in extreme weather events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major storm impacted the east coast of southern Africa in 2019?

    <p>Tropical cyclone Idai</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change affect rainfall patterns?

    <p>Leads to less predictable rainfall occurrences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential impact of severe monsoon rains?

    <p>Severe flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge do farmers face due to climate change-related rainfall changes?

    <p>Late rainfall or rainfall that does not occur at all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to attribute specific storms directly to climate change?

    <p>There is historical variability in storm occurrences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of more extreme weather events?

    <p>Increase in storm strength and frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of the monsoon rains in 2019 in South Asia?

    <p>Heavier and later than usual rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does magnesium play in plants?

    <p>It is needed for making chlorophyll.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence does increased dust in the atmosphere have on ecosystems?

    <p>It reduces light penetration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much has sea level risen since 1880?

    <p>230 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pattern was observed regarding sea ice between 2017 and 2018?

    <p>It covered a smaller area than between 1979 and 2016.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What correlation is suggested regarding fossil fuel burning?

    <p>It is correlated with an increase in carbon dioxide concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What seasonal pattern affects carbon dioxide levels in the northern hemisphere?

    <p>Levels fall in summer and rise in winter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the data collected for sea ice extent from 2017-2018 be considered inconclusive?

    <p>More data is needed to establish a trend.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate impacts are expected from a significant environmental disturbance?

    <p>Heat and pressure waves in the vicinity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Asteroid Impacts and Mass Extinctions

    • An asteroid impact with an energy of more than 100 million megatons (comet 10 km or larger) causes mass extinction.
    • The dinosaur extinction 65 million years ago is an example of such an event.
    • An asteroid is a rock smaller than a planet orbiting the Sun.
    • Slush is partly melted snow.
    • Mass extinction is the complete loss of a large number of species.
    • Meteoroids are space objects smaller than asteroids.
    • Meteors are meteoroids traveling through Earth's atmosphere.
    • Meteorites are meteor parts reaching Earth's surface.

    Asteroid Collision Effects (67 Million Years Ago)

    • Intense heat killed nearby plants and animals.
    • A massive tsunami inundated coastal areas, killing life.
    • Atmospheric dust blocked sunlight, hindering photosynthesis and causing widespread death.

    Climate Change: Past and Present

    • Earth's climate was relatively stable for the past 2000 years.
    • Current climate change involves rising mean global temperatures due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide.
    • Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas trapping heat near the Earth's surface.

    Temperature Change (1880-2016)

    • Between 1880 and 1910, the mean temperature fell by 0.3°C.
    • Between 1910 and 2016, it rose by 1.6°C.
    • In 2016, the mean temperature was 1.3°C higher than in 1880.

    Impacts of Climate Change

    • Higher atmospheric energy increases the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (hurricanes, typhoons).
    • Tropical Cyclone Idai (2019) in southern Africa exemplifies the devastating impact of such events, killing over 1300 people. While a direct link to climate change can't be definitively established, the trend suggests increasing frequency and violence of such storms.
    • Rainfall patterns are becoming less predictable, impacting crop production. Delayed, absent, or excessive rainfall disrupts agriculture. The 2019 monsoon rains in South Asia illustrate this point.

    Addressing Climate Change

    • Respiration and combustion increase atmospheric carbon dioxide; photosynthesis decreases it.
    • Solutions include: planting more trees, stopping deforestation, reducing fossil fuel use, conserving energy, consuming less meat, and reducing air travel.

    Sea Level and Sea Ice

    • Sea level is rising, with a 230 mm increase since 1880.
    • Sea ice extent was smaller in 2017-2018 compared to the period 1979-2016, with later appearance and earlier disappearance. More data is needed to confirm if this is a trend or an anomaly.

    Carbon Dioxide Concentration

    • Increased burning of fossil fuels correlates with rising carbon dioxide concentrations.
    • Seasonal variations in carbon dioxide levels relate to the photosynthetic activity of plants in the northern hemisphere (higher in summer, lower in winter).

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    Related Documents

    Y9 Unit 1.4.pdf

    Description

    Explore the significant effects of asteroid impacts on mass extinctions, particularly focusing on the event that led to the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago. Understand key terms such as asteroids, meteoroids, and the catastrophic consequences of such cosmic collisions on Earth's ecosystems.

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