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Questions and Answers
Which category of risk factors is associated with maternal behaviors that negatively impact health outcomes?
What is a key characteristic of sociodemographic risk factors in high-risk pregnancies?
Which of the following is an example of a biophysical risk factor?
Which factor is categorized under environmental risks for pregnant women?
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How does an interprofessional health care team contribute to managing high-risk pregnancies?
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What is the primary goal of third trimester testing using electronic fetal monitoring?
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Which type of ultrasonography is referred to as specialized?
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What is indicated by a reactive Nonstress Test (NST)?
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In which trimester is the detection of congenital anomalies primarily focused?
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What does a positive result in a Contraction Stress Test (CST) indicate?
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What score on the Biophysical Profile indicates a normal condition with low risk for chronic asphyxia?
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Which of the following is a common reason to use ultrasonography in the first trimester?
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What does a deepest vertical pocket measurement of less than or equal to 2 cm indicate?
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Which of the following is NOT an indication for ultrasonography during pregnancy?
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What does a nonreactive Nonstress Test (NST) require?
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Study Notes
Assessment of Risk Factors
- A comprehensive approach is used to assess high-risk pregnancies.
- Factors are grouped based on threats to health and pregnancy outcomes.
Biophysical Risk Factors
- These originate from the pregnant woman or the fetus.
- They can affect the development and functioning of either or both.
- Examples include genetic disorders, nutritional status, and medical illnesses.
Psychosocial Risk Factors
- Maternal behaviors and lifestyles that negatively affect the health of the mother or fetus.
- Include emotional distress, substance use, lack of social support, and unsafe cultural practices.
Sociodemographic Risk Factors
- Arise from the context of the pregnant woman and family.
- Examples include lack of prenatal care, low income, and ethnicity.
Environmental Risk Factors
- Hazards in the workplace and general environment.
- Examples include environmental chemicals, anesthetic gases, and radiation.
Ultrasonography
- Used to assess fetal health and development.
- Types: abdominal, transvaginal, standard, limited, specialized.
- Indications: fetal heart activity, gestational age, fetal growth, fetal anatomy.
Uses of Ultrasonography During Pregnancy
- First trimester: confirm pregnancy, viability, gestational age, rule out ectopic pregnancy, detect multiple gestation.
- Second trimester: establish or confirm dates, detect polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios, detect congenital anomalies, detect IUGR, assess placental location.
- Third trimester: confirm viability, detect macrosomia, detect IUGR, determine fetal position, detect placenta previa or placental abruption, evaluate for preterm labor, assess amniotic fluid volume.
Antepartum Assessment Using Electronic Fetal Monitoring
- Goal of third trimester testing: to determine if the intrauterine environment supports the fetus.
- Nonstress Test (NST): evaluates fetal heart rate response to fetal movement.
- Vibroacoustic Stimulation (VAS): uses sound to stimulate fetal movement.
- Contraction Stress Test (CST): assesses fetal heart rate response to uterine contractions.
- Interpretation of tests: Reactive/Negative (normal) or Nonreactive/Positive (abnormal).
Biophysical Profile
- Evaluates fetal well-being by scoring five parameters.
- Score 2: normal.
- Score 0: abnormal.
- Parameters: fetal breathing movements, fetal movements, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume, nonstress test.
Biophysical Profile Interpretation and Management
- Score 10 or 8: Normal, repeat testing weekly or twice weekly.
- Score 6: Suspect chronic asphyxia, repeat testing in 24 hours.
- Score 4 or less: Suspect asphyxia, immediate delivery recommended.
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Description
This quiz explores different risk factors associated with high-risk pregnancies, including biophysical, psychosocial, sociodemographic, and environmental factors. Each category highlights how various influences can affect maternal and fetal health. Test your understanding of these critical elements in prenatal care.
