Assessment of Respiratory System and Pulmonary System
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between the right and left lung?

  • The left lung is located higher in the thoracic cavity than the right lung
  • The left lung has 3 lobes, while the right lung has 2 lobes
  • The right lung has 3 lobes, while the left lung has 2 lobes (correct)
  • The right lung is larger but lighter, while the left lung is smaller but heavier

    • Which muscles are activated to assist the diaphragm during vigorous exercise or the advanced stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

  • Oblique muscles
  • Abdominal muscles
  • Intercostal muscles
  • Accessory muscles of inspiration and expiration (correct)

    • What is the major ventilation system in the respiratory system known as?

  • Tracheobronchial tree (correct)
  • Renal system
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Digestive system

    • What kind of zone begins at the trachea and extends to the terminal bronchioles in the respiratory system?

    <p>Conducting zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does gas exchange actively take place in the respiratory system?

    <p>Alveolar sacs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does perfusion refer to in the context of the respiratory system?

    <p>Exchange of gases between the air outside of the body and capillary blood circulating around alveolar sacs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles move downward and cause the lungs to expand during inspiration?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura called?

    <p>Pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cavity contains massive organs and tissues in the center of the thoracic cage, between the right and left lungs?

    <p>'Mediastinum'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the diaphragm primarily help with in a healthy person during normal ventilation?

    <p>Moves air in and out of lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is located between thoracic cavity & abdominal cavity?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to air when diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?

    <p>Air is forced out of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of wheezing sounds in the airway?

    <p>Obstruction due to excessive mucus production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of vesicular breath sounds?

    <p>Low pitched and heard over healthy peripheral lung tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with the presence of pleural friction rub?

    <p>Pleuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the distinctive crackly popping sounds known as crackles or rales?

    <p>Air passing through partially obstructed airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of bronchovesicular breath sounds?

    <p>Moderate pitch and harsh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the continuous deep rumbling sounds often heard in pulmonary conditions?

    <p>Air passing through partially obstructed airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which respiratory volume represents the volume of air inspired and expired with a normal breath?

    <p>Tidal volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Stridor" indicates an obstruction in which part of the respiratory tract?

    <p>Upper respiratory tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of orthopnea?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the cessation of pulmonary rub sound during breath-holding?

    <p>Inflamed pleural tissue rubbing together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes diminished or absent breath sounds?

    <p>Shallow respirations or obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hyperactive airways or vibration of the airway leading to wheezing?

    <p>A buildup of mucus in the airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common infective virus to cause the common cold?

    <p>Rhinovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line antibiotic therapy for bacterial otitis media for those not allergic to PCN and those without recent beta-lactam treatment?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication of otitis media?

    <p>Ruptured tympanic membrane (TM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pharmacologic treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis when a treatment is needed?

    <p>Polymyxin B or Erythromycin eye drops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates otitis externa from otitis media?

    <p>Pain that increases with movement of the pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the eustachian tube in the middle ear?

    <p>Equalizes pressure between the external ear canal and the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the inner ear contains the organ of Corti and is responsible for providing stimuli to the sensory neurons for hearing?

    <p>Cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the crista ampullar and macula in the inner ear?

    <p>Balance and sense of rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is caused by vestibular damage in the inner ear?

    <p>Vertigo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of bacterial sinusitis?

    <p>Haemophilus influenzae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is the most common pathogen causing nasopharyngitis (common cold)?

    <p>Rhinovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms differentiate viral sinusitis from bacterial sinusitis?

    <p>Symptoms lasting less than 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of narrow-angle glaucoma?

    <p>Developmental abnormality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In acute glaucoma, what causes the appearance of halos around lights and mild eye discomfort?

    <p>Increased intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial indicator of narrow-angle glaucoma?

    <p>Increased intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of cataracts?

    <p>Aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes detached retina?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of macular degeneration?

    <p>Aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for strep throat in a patient with a penicillin allergy?

    <p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve controls smell?

    <p>Olfactory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in the elderly?

    <p>Cerumen impaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is recommended as the first-line treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis when there is a penicillin allergy?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the early sign of ototoxicity?

    <p>Ringing in the ears (Tinnitus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which air moves in and out of the lungs?

    <p>Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complaint associated with Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?

    <p>Ear pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infectious agents are more commonly associated with AOM?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a better hallmark of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) than redness of the tympanic membrane (TM)?

    <p>Bulging of the TM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What subjective data is commonly observed in younger children with AOM?

    <p>General fussiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of otoscope examination may indicate Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?

    <p>Erythematous tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be observed in the otoscope examination of a normal tympanic membrane?

    <p>Translucency, mobility, and intact ness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with the later stages of the respiratory condition described?

    <p>Orthopnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test result is NOT typically seen in the respiratory condition described?

    <p>Normal vital capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment measure is NOT recommended for the respiratory condition described?

    <p>Intubation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung function is NOT typically affected in the respiratory condition described?

    <p>Increased forced expiratory volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical manifestation is NOT commonly associated with the respiratory condition described?

    <p>Hyperactive airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological change is NOT typically observed in the advanced stages of the respiratory condition described?

    <p>Decreased residual lung volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome is NOT a potential complication of lung reduction surgery in the context of the respiratory condition described?

    <p>Improved lung function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical manifestation is NOT a common feature of the earlier stages of the respiratory condition described?

    <p>Inaudible breath sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about breath sounds is NOT consistent with the findings in the respiratory condition described?

    <p>'Increased breath sounds' are characteristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT typically recommended to help slow the progression of the respiratory condition described?

    <p>Lung expansion therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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