64 Questions
What is the main difference between the right and left lung?
The right lung has 3 lobes, while the left lung has 2 lobes
Which muscles are activated to assist the diaphragm during vigorous exercise or the advanced stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Accessory muscles of inspiration and expiration
What is the major ventilation system in the respiratory system known as?
Tracheobronchial tree
What kind of zone begins at the trachea and extends to the terminal bronchioles in the respiratory system?
Conducting zone
Where does gas exchange actively take place in the respiratory system?
Alveolar sacs
What does perfusion refer to in the context of the respiratory system?
Exchange of gases between the air outside of the body and capillary blood circulating around alveolar sacs
Which muscles move downward and cause the lungs to expand during inspiration?
Diaphragm
What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura called?
Pleural cavity
Which cavity contains massive organs and tissues in the center of the thoracic cage, between the right and left lungs?
'Mediastinum'
What does the diaphragm primarily help with in a healthy person during normal ventilation?
Moves air in and out of lungs
What is located between thoracic cavity & abdominal cavity?
Diaphragm
What happens to air when diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?
Air is forced out of the lungs
What is the main cause of wheezing sounds in the airway?
Obstruction due to excessive mucus production
What is the primary characteristic of vesicular breath sounds?
Low pitched and heard over healthy peripheral lung tissue
Which condition is associated with the presence of pleural friction rub?
Pleuracy
What causes the distinctive crackly popping sounds known as crackles or rales?
Air passing through partially obstructed airways
What is the main characteristic of bronchovesicular breath sounds?
Moderate pitch and harsh
What causes the continuous deep rumbling sounds often heard in pulmonary conditions?
Air passing through partially obstructed airways
Which respiratory volume represents the volume of air inspired and expired with a normal breath?
Tidal volume
"Stridor" indicates an obstruction in which part of the respiratory tract?
Upper respiratory tracts
What is the main cause of orthopnea?
Pulmonary edema
What causes the cessation of pulmonary rub sound during breath-holding?
Inflamed pleural tissue rubbing together
What causes diminished or absent breath sounds?
Shallow respirations or obstruction
What causes hyperactive airways or vibration of the airway leading to wheezing?
A buildup of mucus in the airways
What is the most common infective virus to cause the common cold?
Rhinovirus
What is the first line antibiotic therapy for bacterial otitis media for those not allergic to PCN and those without recent beta-lactam treatment?
Amoxicillin
What is the most common complication of otitis media?
Ruptured tympanic membrane (TM)
What is the pharmacologic treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis when a treatment is needed?
Polymyxin B or Erythromycin eye drops
What differentiates otitis externa from otitis media?
Pain that increases with movement of the pinna
What is the role of the eustachian tube in the middle ear?
Equalizes pressure between the external ear canal and the inner ear
Which part of the inner ear contains the organ of Corti and is responsible for providing stimuli to the sensory neurons for hearing?
Cochlea
What is the function of the crista ampullar and macula in the inner ear?
Balance and sense of rotation
Which condition is caused by vestibular damage in the inner ear?
Vertigo
What is the common cause of bacterial sinusitis?
Haemophilus influenzae
Which virus is the most common pathogen causing nasopharyngitis (common cold)?
Rhinovirus
What symptoms differentiate viral sinusitis from bacterial sinusitis?
Symptoms lasting less than 7 days
What is the cause of narrow-angle glaucoma?
Developmental abnormality
In acute glaucoma, what causes the appearance of halos around lights and mild eye discomfort?
Increased intraocular pressure
What is the initial indicator of narrow-angle glaucoma?
Increased intraocular pressure
What is the main cause of cataracts?
Aging
What causes detached retina?
All of the above
What is the common cause of macular degeneration?
Aging
What is the first-line treatment for strep throat in a patient with a penicillin allergy?
Azithromycin
Which cranial nerve controls smell?
Olfactory nerve
What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in the elderly?
Cerumen impaction
Which antibiotic is recommended as the first-line treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis when there is a penicillin allergy?
Doxycycline
What is the early sign of ototoxicity?
Ringing in the ears (Tinnitus)
What is the process by which air moves in and out of the lungs?
Ventilation
What is the most common complaint associated with Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?
Ear pain
Which infectious agents are more commonly associated with AOM?
Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae
What is a better hallmark of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) than redness of the tympanic membrane (TM)?
Bulging of the TM
What subjective data is commonly observed in younger children with AOM?
General fussiness
Which type of otoscope examination may indicate Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?
Erythematous tympanic membrane
What may be observed in the otoscope examination of a normal tympanic membrane?
Translucency, mobility, and intact ness
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with the later stages of the respiratory condition described?
Orthopnea
Which diagnostic test result is NOT typically seen in the respiratory condition described?
Normal vital capacity
Which treatment measure is NOT recommended for the respiratory condition described?
Intubation
Which lung function is NOT typically affected in the respiratory condition described?
Increased forced expiratory volume
Which clinical manifestation is NOT commonly associated with the respiratory condition described?
Hyperactive airways
Which physiological change is NOT typically observed in the advanced stages of the respiratory condition described?
Decreased residual lung volume
Which outcome is NOT a potential complication of lung reduction surgery in the context of the respiratory condition described?
Improved lung function
Which clinical manifestation is NOT a common feature of the earlier stages of the respiratory condition described?
Inaudible breath sounds
Which statement about breath sounds is NOT consistent with the findings in the respiratory condition described?
'Increased breath sounds' are characteristic
What is NOT typically recommended to help slow the progression of the respiratory condition described?
Lung expansion therapy
Test your knowledge of the respiratory system and pulmonary system, which are contained within the thoracic cavity and divided into pleural cavities and the mediastinum. Learn about the differences between the right and left lung, the structure of the pleural cavities, and more.
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