Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a potential consequence of sodium deficiency?
What is a potential consequence of sodium deficiency?
- Hypertension
- Dehydration
- Cardiac failure (correct)
- Edema
Which condition can result from sodium excess?
Which condition can result from sodium excess?
- Alkalosis
- Tetany
- Hypertension (correct)
- Hydration
What is the primary objective of using iodized salt in food?
What is the primary objective of using iodized salt in food?
- To prevent iodine deficiency disorders (correct)
- To enhance the flavor of dishes
- To lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases
- To reduce sodium intake
What treatment might be recommended for someone with sodium excess?
What treatment might be recommended for someone with sodium excess?
Sodium deficiency can upset which balance in the body?
Sodium deficiency can upset which balance in the body?
What primary function does sodium serve in the body?
What primary function does sodium serve in the body?
Which dietary practice is recommended for promoting optimum growth in infants?
Which dietary practice is recommended for promoting optimum growth in infants?
What role does the daily nutritional guide pyramid play in health promotion?
What role does the daily nutritional guide pyramid play in health promotion?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice to prevent lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice to prevent lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases?
Which food group should be consumed daily for growth and tissue repair?
Which food group should be consumed daily for growth and tissue repair?
How does consuming more vegetables and fruits benefit the body?
How does consuming more vegetables and fruits benefit the body?
What is the primary purpose of the Pinggang Pinoy food plate for Filipino adults?
What is the primary purpose of the Pinggang Pinoy food plate for Filipino adults?
Which food category should be minimized to prevent cardiovascular diseases?
Which food category should be minimized to prevent cardiovascular diseases?
What condition is caused by a deficiency in potassium?
What condition is caused by a deficiency in potassium?
Which of the following is NOT a function of potassium in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a function of potassium in the body?
Which food source is rich in potassium?
Which food source is rich in potassium?
What is a primary consequence of excessive potassium intake?
What is a primary consequence of excessive potassium intake?
Which of the following is the most common dietary source of sodium?
Which of the following is the most common dietary source of sodium?
How does vitamin D affect phosphorus in the body?
How does vitamin D affect phosphorus in the body?
What is a common symptom of potassium deficiency?
What is a common symptom of potassium deficiency?
Which type of food is least likely to contain potassium?
Which type of food is least likely to contain potassium?
What deficiency is primarily caused by a lack of iodine?
What deficiency is primarily caused by a lack of iodine?
Which condition is indicative of protein deficiency?
Which condition is indicative of protein deficiency?
What vitamin is primarily lacking in someone suffering from night blindness?
What vitamin is primarily lacking in someone suffering from night blindness?
Which nutrient deficiency can lead to osteoporosis?
Which nutrient deficiency can lead to osteoporosis?
What condition is associated with excessive loss of muscle tissue?
What condition is associated with excessive loss of muscle tissue?
Which vitamin deficiency results in lesions at the corners of the mouth?
Which vitamin deficiency results in lesions at the corners of the mouth?
What is a common deficiency associated with poor sleeping patterns?
What is a common deficiency associated with poor sleeping patterns?
Which nutrient is crucial in preventing anemia?
Which nutrient is crucial in preventing anemia?
What is a symptom of scurvy?
What is a symptom of scurvy?
Which vitamin is lacking when someone experiences dermatitis and diarrhea?
Which vitamin is lacking when someone experiences dermatitis and diarrhea?
What condition is caused by a deficiency of calcium and vitamin D in children?
What condition is caused by a deficiency of calcium and vitamin D in children?
Which vitamin deficiency is known to cause xerophthalmia?
Which vitamin deficiency is known to cause xerophthalmia?
What is the recommended daily calcium intake for children aged 4 to 8 years?
What is the recommended daily calcium intake for children aged 4 to 8 years?
Which form of calcium is noted for having the highest concentration of bioavailable calcium?
Which form of calcium is noted for having the highest concentration of bioavailable calcium?
What can cause an increased risk of hypertension?
What can cause an increased risk of hypertension?
Which vitamin deficiency is linked to slow blood clotting times?
Which vitamin deficiency is linked to slow blood clotting times?
What condition results from insufficient calcium in the blood and is characterized by involuntary muscle movement?
What condition results from insufficient calcium in the blood and is characterized by involuntary muscle movement?
What is the calcium requirement for pregnant women aged 19 to 50 years?
What is the calcium requirement for pregnant women aged 19 to 50 years?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with calcium deficiency?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with calcium deficiency?
At what age does the recommended daily calcium intake increase to 1,300 mg?
At what age does the recommended daily calcium intake increase to 1,300 mg?
What might excessive calcium intake cause?
What might excessive calcium intake cause?
What is the primary condition associated with a calcium deficiency in adults that leads to soft bones?
What is the primary condition associated with a calcium deficiency in adults that leads to soft bones?
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Study Notes
Health Indicators of Nutrition
- Alertness vs. Apathy: Alert expression indicates good health, while apathy suggests poor nutrition.
- Hair Quality: Shiny hair is a sign of health; dull, lifeless hair indicates deficiencies.
- Complexion: Clear complexion reflects good nutrition; greasy, blemished skin may signify poor dietary choices.
- Coloration: Good color implies adequate nutrition, while poor color suggests deficiencies.
- Eye Appearance: Bright, clear eyes indicate health; dull, red-rimmed eyes may be a warning sign.
- Gum Health: Pink, firm gums and well-developed teeth are markers of health; red, puffy gums and cavity-prone teeth suggest deficiencies.
- Muscle Condition: Firm, well-developed muscles indicate good nutrition, while flabby muscles show undernourishment.
- Body Structure: Well-developed bones indicate proper nutrition; bowed legs and pigeon breast indicate deficiencies.
- Weight for Height: Normal weight suggests good health, while overweight or underweight indicates potential problems.
- Posture: Erect posture signals health; slumped posture suggests malnutrition or underlying health issues.
- Emotional Stability: Good emotional health correlates with nutrition; irritability and poor attention may signal deficiencies.
- Energy Levels: Good stamina indicates proper nutrition; easy fatigue suggests inadequacies.
- Illness Frequency: Seldom ill is a marker of good health, while frequent illness points to poor nutrition.
- Appetite: A healthy appetite is positive; excessive or poor appetite can indicate dietary issues.
- Sleep Habits: Normal sleep patterns reflect health; insomnia and fatigue during the day can signify nutritional deficiencies.
- Elimination Patterns: Normal elimination is a sign of good health; constipation or diarrhea can indicate dietary problems.
Nutritional Deficiencies and Related Conditions
- Common Deficiencies: Include conditions like goiter (iodine), kwashiorkor (protein), and iron-deficiency anemia (iron).
- Rickets and Osteomalacia: Result from deficiencies in calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus, leading to poorly formed bones.
- Osteoporosis: Characterized by brittle bones due to calcium and vitamin D deficiencies.
- Vitamin Deficiencies: Include conditions like beriberi (thiamin), pellagra (niacin), and scurvy (vitamin C).
- Night Blindness: Linked to vitamin A deficiency.
- Glossitis and Pallor: Often associated with vitamin deficiencies, notably folic acid and iron.
- Emaciation: Results from deficiencies in carbohydrates, proteins, and calories.
- Tetany: Caused by insufficient calcium, potassium, and sodium levels.
Dietary Recommendations for Health
- Calcium Intake: Varies by age with recommendations for infants (210-270 mg) to adults (1,000-1,200 mg).
- Sources of Calcium: Include milk, cheese, and leafy greens, important for bone health.
- Calcium Supplements: Calcium carbonate is most bioavailable; doses of 500 mg are optimal for absorption.
- Potassium Importance: Essential for fluid balance and muscle contractions, found in fruits and vegetables.
- Sodium Needs: Important for fluid balance; typical DRI is 1,500 mg, easily exceeded in diets.
- Phosphorus Role: Necessary for bone formation and nutrient metabolism, found in protein-rich foods.
- Deficiency Effects: Causes hypokalemia (potassium), characterized by nausea and muscle weakness; excessive sodium can lead to hypertension.
- Dietary Balance: A balanced intake of vitamins and minerals is crucial for overall health maintenance.
General Nutritional Guidance
- Diverse Diet: Emphasize consumption of various foods for comprehensive nutrient coverage.
- Breastfeeding: Recommended exclusively for the first six months, followed by complementary foods for optimal growth.
- Vegetables and Fruits: Advocate increased daily intake for vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
- Protein Sources: Include fish, lean meats, and legumes in daily meals for tissue repair and growth.
- Lifestyle Choices: Encourage physical activity, stress management, and avoidance of harmful dietary choices for long-term health.
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