30 Questions
Which lipoprotein is mostly free cholesterol?
LDL
What is a key element for cholesterol homeostasis?
Balance between LDL and HDL cholesterol carriers
What characteristic differentiates HDL from LDL?
Higher protein content in LDL than in HDL
What does LDL stand for in the context of cholesterol transport?
Low Density Lipoproteins
What results from an imbalance between LDL and HDL carriers in cholesterol homeostasis?
Cholesterol deposition in blood vessel walls
What is the main function of HDL in cholesterol homeostasis?
Reverse cholesterol transport from tissues to liver
What is the main function of VLDLs compared to LDLs?
Transport cholesterol from liver to peripheral tissues
Which protein is recognized by apo B-100 during LDL metabolism?
LDLR
Where does PCSK9 undergo autocatalytic cleavage?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the fate of the complex formed by LDL-C, LDLR, and PCSK9 after internalization into hepatocytes?
Lysosomal degradation
At which cellular site does PCSK9 target LDLRs for degradation?
Golgi apparatus
How does PCSK9 prevent the recycling of LDLRs from the endosome back to the cell surface?
By directing receptors to lysosomes
What is the function of HDL in relation to cholesterol?
Uptake of cholesterol
Which apoprotein is required for receptor-mediated endocytosis of IDLs and chylomicron remnants?
Apo E
What is the primary composition of nascent HDL particles?
Contains primarily phospholipid (PC)
What activates Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) for the hydrolysis of triglycerides in VLDL and chylomicrons?
Apo C-II
What is the role of mature HDL (HDL2) in handling cholesterol?
Collection of cholesterol
Which step comes first in the Reverse cholesterol transport by HDL process?
Efflux of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to HDL3
Which drug inhibits the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) to lower production in the liver and release of LDL cholesterol in the blood?
Lomitapide
Which drug blocks the protein in the liver called proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) to help the body get rid of LDL cholesterol from the blood?
PCSK9 inhibitors
Which drug was recently approved by the FDA for young children with a rare form of high cholesterol?
Evinacumab
Which drug is an adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase inhibitor that helps stop cholesterol production in your liver?
Bempedoic acid
Which drug blocks production of the PCSK9 protein in the liver to lower LDL cholesterol levels?
Inclisiran
Which drug was recently approved by the FDA as a combination therapy of bempedoic acid and ezetimibe for treating hypercholesterolemia?
Bempedoic acid and ezetimibe
What is the dosage of the recently FDA-approved medication?
284mg/1.5mL (prefilled syringe) SC
How often should the initial dose of the medication be repeated?
Initially, repeat in 3 months
After the initial repeat, how often should the medication be administered thereafter?
Every 6 months
Which reference discusses the molecular biology of PCSK9 and its role in LDL metabolism?
Molecular biology of PCSK9: its role in LDL metabolism
Which reference discusses Angiopoietin-Like 3 (ANGPTL3) and its effects on atherosclerosis?
Angiopoietin-Like 3 (ANGPTL3) and Atherosclerosis: Lipid and Non-Lipid Related Effects
What is the purpose of the provided anonymous questionnaire and knowledge assessment?
To assess the current knowledge of the user on the topic
Test your knowledge on serum lipid profile parameters and their significance in atherosclerosis investigations. Questions cover topics like total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL levels, and their implications in coronary artery disease.
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