Assessment Methods and Settings Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a panel interview?

  • To gather information through several interviewers. (correct)
  • To measure motivation through dialogue.
  • To reconstruct psychological profiles based on past records.
  • To prepare a case study for educational purposes.

    • Which method is primarily used to enhance motivation in individuals?

  • Groupthink
  • Behavioral observation
  • Motivational interviewing (correct)
  • Case study

    • What is being assessed in a psychological autopsy?

  • The psychological profile of a deceased individual. (correct)
  • The test user's professional qualifications.
  • A person’s learning abilities.
  • The motivations behind an individual's actions.

    • What is the primary role of a test developer and publisher?

    <p>To create assessments and tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of test is specifically designed to identify areas of deficit for intervention?

    <p>Diagnostic test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context are achievement tests commonly administered?

    <p>To identify children with special needs in educational settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does behavioral observation typically involve?

    <p>Monitoring actions while recording qualitative and quantitative data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk associated with groupthink in decision-making?

    <p>Decision-makers reaching a consensus without critical evaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of confirmatory factor analysis?

    <p>To test how well a hypothetical model fits the data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to calculate the dollar amount of utility gain from a selection instrument?

    <p>Brogden-Cronbach-Gleser formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a factor loading indicate in the context of factor analysis?

    <p>The amount a factor influences the test scores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The utility gain is defined as an estimate of what?

    <p>The monetary or non-monetary benefits of a test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Bookmark method entail in test setting?

    <p>Marking the point on a list of test items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of decision theory in the context of test utility?

    <p>The relationship between applicant scores and job offers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a systematic bias in testing that affects measurement accuracy?

    <p>Bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of using Taylor-Russell tables?

    <p>To evaluate how much a test improves selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method entails the collection of data from groups known to possess and not possess a trait of interest?

    <p>Known groups method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scaling method is typically used to measure attitudes or opinions on a 5- or 7-point scale?

    <p>Likert scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of test item requires respondents to provide a brief, concise response?

    <p>Short-answer item</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale transforms raw scores into a range from 1 to 9?

    <p>Stanine scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the method of paired comparisons ask test-takers to do?

    <p>Compare pairs of stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a completion item?

    <p>Involves selecting from multiple choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which method is scaling a critical component of the measurement process?

    <p>Summative scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary interest of age-based scaling in testing?

    <p>To observe performance as a function of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'ceiling' refer to in the context of a subtest?

    <p>The highest-level item of the subtest standardization sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the 'basal level' in testing?

    <p>A criterion that must be navigated before continuing testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the third revision criticized?

    <p>It provided insufficient clarity about standardization sample diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the discontinuation of testing in an adaptive test?

    <p>When a test-taker reaches a pre-determined number of consecutive incorrect answers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'extra-test behavior' refer to in the evaluation process?

    <p>How an examinee reacts to test items and handles frustration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the fourth edition of the assessment organize its subtests?

    <p>By category of item, not by age scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the standardization sample was emphasized in the criticism related to race and ethnicity?

    <p>The inclusion of a substantial portion of Black and Spanish-surnamed individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of adaptive testing?

    <p>To tailor the test to the individual capabilities of the test-taker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a test composite?

    <p>A test score derived from the combination of subtest scores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IQ range for someone classified as 'gifted or very advanced'?

    <p>130-144</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age range did the WAIS-IV standardization sample cover?

    <p>16-90 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a deviation IQ score of 100 represent in the Wechsler tests?

    <p>Average intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard deviation used in the Wechsler tests?

    <p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'short form' of an intelligence test refer to?

    <p>An abbreviated version of a test to reduce administration time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following IQ ranges indicates 'mildly impaired or delayed' performance?

    <p>70-79</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Army Alpha test measure?

    <p>Reading skills of Army recruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Assessment Methods

    • Interview: Direct communication with reciprocal exchange of information.
      • Panel Interview: Multiple interviewers participate in the assessment.
      • Motivational Interviewing: Therapeutic dialogue for enhancing motivation and facilitating change.
    • Portfolio: Samples demonstrating abilities and accomplishments.
    • Case History Data: Records and transcripts preserving archival information and data about the assessed individual.
      • Case Study: A report or account compiled using case history data.
      • Groupthink: Varied forces driving decision-makers to reach a consensus.
    • Behavioral Observation: Monitoring actions visually or electronically while recording quantitative and qualitative data.
      • Natural Observation: Observing behavior in its typical setting.

    Assessment Settings

    • Educational Settings:
      • Tests are administered early in school life to identify children with special needs.
      • Achievement Tests: Evaluate learning and accomplishment.
      • Diagnostic Tests: Help identify areas of deficit for intervention.

    Testing - Key Concepts

    • Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Tests the fit of a theoretical model with the data.
    • Factor Loading: Indicates how much a factor influences the test score.
    • Bias: A factor in a test systematically preventing accurate and impartial measurement.

    Test Utility

    • Decision Theory and Test Utility: Practical considerations for test construction, including the applicant pool, presence or absence of traits, and the utility of using the test.
    • Utility Gain: The estimated benefit of using a specific test or selection method.
    • Productivity Gain: An estimated increase in work output.
    • Criterion-Referenced Tests: Assess performance against predetermined standards, focusing on specific skills or knowledge.

    Test Development Stages

    • Pilot Work: Preliminary research to develop a test prototype.
    • Known Groups Method: Collects data on a characteristic from groups known to possess or lack that characteristic.

    Test Construction

    • Scaling: Rules used for assigning numbers in measurement.
      • Age-Based Scale: Measures performance based on age.
      • Stanine Scale: Transforms raw scores into a scale of 1 to 9.
      • Summative Scale: Scores are calculated by summing ratings across items.
      • Likert Scale: Measures attitudes or opinions, using a scale to indicate agreement or disagreement with statements.
      • Method of Paired Comparisons: Compares pairs of stimuli.
    • Item Development Issues: Issues related to creating and improving test items.
      • Pilot Work: Preliminary testing for assessment items.
    • Test Construction: The process of building and structuring a test.

    Intelligence Tests

    • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
      • Fourth edition incorporated a point scale, organized into subtests by item category, not by age.
      • Fifth edition designed for administration to a diverse range of assessees.
    • Standardization Sample: The population used to establish norms for a test.
      • WAIS-IV standardization sample consisted of 2,200 adults aged 16 to 90 years, 11 months.
    • Deviation IQ: A score indicating an individual's relative intelligence, with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.
    • Short Forms of Intelligence Tests: Abbreviated tests that reduce administration time.
    • Group Tests of Intelligence: Administered to groups, often used for large-scale assessments.
      • Army Alpha test: Developed for Army recruits who could read, designed to assess verbal intelligence.

    Test Item Types

    • Sentence Completion: Requires the test-taker to indicate whether a statement is factually true.
    • Completion Item: Requires the examinee to provide a word or phrase to complete a sentence.
    • Short-Answer Item: Requires a brief, concise response to assess knowledge or understanding.
    • Essay Item: Requires a longer written response on a topic.

    Test Administration

    • Ceiling: The highest-level item in a subtest.
    • Basal Level: A base-level criterion that must be met for testing to continue.
    • Adaptive Testing: Tailors testing to the individual test-taker.
    • Extra-test Behavior: Examinee's behavior during the test, including frustration, response to difficulty, support needed, general approach, and emotional state.

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    Psychological Testing and Assessment PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various assessment methods and settings used in educational and therapeutic contexts. This quiz covers techniques like interviews, behavioral observations, and portfolio assessments, as well as the settings in which these methods are implemented. Deepen your understanding of how these assessments contribute to identifying and supporting individuals' needs.

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