Assessment in Special Education
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Questions and Answers

What is the mode of the distribution 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 40, 14, 40, 12, 10, 9, 8?

  • 12
  • 14
  • 8
  • There is no mode (correct)

What is the range of the distribution 8, 10, 8, 14, 40?

  • 32 (correct)
  • 40
  • 10
  • 14

In a normal distribution with a mean of 90 and a standard deviation of 10, what percentage of scores fall between 80 and 100?

  • 34%
  • 68% (correct)
  • 81.5%
  • 95%

What does a percentile rank of 75 mean for a student?

<p>The student scored as well as or better than 75% of peers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard deviation in a stanine score system?

<p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a stanine score of 1 indicates being two standard deviations below the mean, what is the mean of the stanine score system?

<p>5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the normal curve is true?

<p>34% of values fall above the mean in a normal distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of scores falls between 100 and 110 in a normal distribution with a mean of 90 and a standard deviation of 10?

<p>13.5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the assessment process in special education?

<p>To collect information to make decisions about a student (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who can identify a student for assessment of a suspected disability?

<p>The student's classroom teacher, parents, or other professionals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a multidisciplinary team (MDT) responsible for under IDEIA?

<p>Evaluating a child for a suspected disability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does an ecological assessment focus on?

<p>Observing a child in various natural environments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observational technique involves recording behaviors without inferring motives?

<p>Anecdotal Recording (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'antecedent' in anecdotal recording refer to?

<p>What happened before the behavior occurred (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In event recording, what is the main focus?

<p>Counting the occurrences of a specific behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of duration recording?

<p>To measure how long a student engages in a specific behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conducting an interview in assessment?

<p>To obtain recorded responses to questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes validity in the context of assessment?

<p>The extent to which an instrument accurately measures what it's intended to measure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does reliability indicate in the context of test assessments?

<p>The ability of a test to produce similar results in different scenarios (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a norm-referenced test (NRT)?

<p>To compare a student's performance against that of other students (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of standardized testing, what is a 'ceiling'?

<p>The point where testing stops due to predefined errors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'mastery' in the context of criterion-referenced tests (CRT)?

<p>A demonstrated understanding defined by a predetermined standard (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a portfolio assessment primarily used to showcase?

<p>A purposeful collection of student works and progress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement characterizes a standardized test?

<p>It is scored consistently with the same procedures and questions for all (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does central tendency aim to represent in a dataset?

<p>A single value representing the middle or center of the distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the mean calculated?

<p>By dividing the sum of all scores by the total number of scores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the median of the set of scores: 8, 10, 12, 8, 14, 40?

<p>11 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a number set, what does the mode represent?

<p>The score that occurs most frequently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do to find the median when there is an even number of scores?

<p>Average the two middle scores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the distribution of scores is 8, 10, 8, 10, 14, 40, what are the modes?

<p>8 and 10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the mean of a dataset is calculated to be 16, which of the following is a possible set of scores?

<p>8, 10, 8, 14, 40 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the steps to calculate the median?

<p>Sort the scores, find the average of the two middle scores if even (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Assessment

A process used to gather information about a student for decision-making purposes.

Testing

A set of questions or tasks used to measure a student's knowledge or skills.

Teacher Identification

The classroom teacher may notice specific behaviors suggesting a possible learning difficulty.

Parental Referral

Parents contact the school to express concerns about their child's learning.

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Professional Referral

Other professionals like therapists or counselors suggest an evaluation for a potential disability.

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Multidisciplinary Team (MDT)

A team of professionals who conduct an assessment and make recommendations for a student suspected to have a disability.

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Observation

Observing a student in their natural environment to gather information about their learning.

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Ecological Assessment

Observing and assessing a student in various environments to understand their strengths and challenges across contexts.

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Interview

A face-to-face assessment technique conducted in person, via video call, or phone, where responses to questions are recorded.

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Portfolio Assessment

A collection of student work demonstrating their efforts, progress, and achievements in one or more areas.

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Validity

The extent to which an assessment tool measures what it's supposed to measure.

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Reliability

The consistency of measurements in an assessment. A reliable test produces similar results across different conditions and testers.

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Norm-Referenced Test (NRT)

A test that compares student performance to others in the same age group.

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Standardized Test

A test administered and scored consistently, with the same questions and procedures for all children.

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Basal

The starting point of a test where items before the basal are considered already correct.

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Ceiling

The point where a student reaches a predetermined number of errors and stops the test.

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Mode

The most frequent score in a dataset.

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Range

The difference between the highest and lowest score in a dataset.

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Standard Deviation

A measure of how spread out the data is in a distribution. A high standard deviation means the data is more spread out, while a low standard deviation means the data is more clustered around the mean.

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Normal Curve

A bell-shaped curve that represents a symmetrical distribution of data, where most values cluster around the mean. The curve is symmetrical around the mean.

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Percentile Rank

The percentage of scores that fall at or below a given score in a distribution.

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Stanine

A type of standard score used to simplify interpretation of test scores. It has a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 2.

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Bimodal Distribution

A distribution with two modes, indicating two peaks in the data.

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Central Tendency

A single value that represents the center of a data set. It aims to convey the overall trend of the set.

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Mean

The average of a set of numbers. Calculated by summing all scores and dividing by the total number of scores.

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Median

The midpoint in a sorted set of numbers. It divides the set into two equal halves.

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How to find the Median

The set of numbers are arranged from lowest to highest and then the lowest and highest number are crossed out repeatedly until a single number is left. If there are two numbers remaining, their average is calculated

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Median with even count

The average of the two remaining numbers. This is done when the dataset has an even number of units.

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Tally and Frequency Chart

A chart that shows the frequency of each score in a set. Useful for determining the mode.

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Study Notes

Assessment in Special Education

  • Assessment is a process involving gathering information about a student to make decisions.
  • Testing includes questions or tasks to determine knowledge and skills.
  • Students can be identified for assessment in three ways:
    • Classroom teacher noticing symptoms.
    • Parents requesting an evaluation.
    • Other school or outside professionals suggesting evaluation.
  • An evaluation for a suspected disability must be conducted by a multidisciplinary team (MDT).

Observation

  • Observation involves watching the student in their natural environment.
  • Ecological assessment directly observes a student in various settings.
  • Useful information from ecological assessment includes:
    • Academic skills
    • Motor/physical skills
    • Communication skills
    • Social skills
    • Management skills
  • Common observation techniques include:
    • Anecdotal recording: Describing events in detail without interpretation.
    • Event recording: Counting the occurrences of a specific behavior.
    • Duration recording: Measuring how long a behavior lasts.

Interview

  • An assessment technique where an interviewer asks questions and records the responses.

Portfolio Assessments

  • A collection of student work showcasing progress, efforts, and achievements.

Validity and Reliability

  • Validity: Extent to which an instrument measures what it's intended to measure.
  • Reliability: Consistency of measurements, giving similar scores on repeated administrations.

Types of Tests

  • Norm-referenced tests (NRTs): Compare student performance to other students, using national averages for comparison.
  • Standardized tests: Administered and scored the same for all students, including intelligence, math, reading, and spelling tests.
    • Includes basal and ceiling scores.
  • Criterion-referenced tests (CRTs): Performance assessed against a specific standard or criterion (ex: mastery of specific skills).

Central Tendency

  • Measures the center of a data distribution.
  • Mean: Average of all scores.
  • Median: Middle score in a ranked distribution.
  • Mode: Most frequent score.

Range

  • The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.

Importance of the Normal Curve

  • Standard deviation indicates data spread around the mean.
  • Normal distribution curves show how much spread is to be expected.

Percentile Rank (%ile)

  • A score representing the percentage of people scoring the same or lower.

Stanines

  • Type of standard score (mean=5, standard deviation=2).
  • Provides a descriptive evaluation of performance in comparison to average scores

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Assessment in Special Education PDF

Description

This quiz explores the critical aspects of assessment in special education, focusing on the various methods of evaluation and the role of observation. You'll learn about the processes involved in identifying students for assessment and the techniques used to gather relevant information in natural settings. Test your understanding of these essential practices in special education!

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