Assessment and Language Testing Approaches

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of formative assessment?

  • To provide feedback to students on their learning progress (correct)
  • To evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional period
  • To predict student performance on a standardized test
  • To rank students based on their performance

Which type of test is designed to provide feedback on student mastery of specific learning objectives?

  • Formative assessment
  • Criterion-referenced test (correct)
  • Summative assessment
  • Norm-referenced test

What is the main concern in scoring norm-referenced tests?

  • Improving instructional methods
  • Money and efficiency (correct)
  • Providing feedback to students
  • Measuring student mastery of learning objectives

What is the purpose of informal assessment?

<p>To monitor student learning during the instructional period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of test is typically used to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional period?

<p>Summative assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of structural approach to language testing?

<p>Individual language skills assessment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of reliability in language testing?

<p>To ensure consistency in scoring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in criterion-referenced tests?

<p>Assessing student mastery of specific learning objectives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of alternative assessment?

<p>Continuous long-term assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of test is used to compare a student's performance to that of their peers?

<p>Norm-referenced test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of formative assessment?

<p>To identify areas where students need additional support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of criterion-referenced tests?

<p>Evaluate student performance based on a predetermined standard (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of computer-based testing?

<p>Practice for upcoming standardized tests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of summative assessment?

<p>The product or outcome of learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of informal assessment?

<p>To observe student behavior and learning in a natural setting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intelligence is related to problem-solving skills?

<p>Logical-mathematical intelligence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of dictation in language assessment?

<p>To evaluate overall textual comprehension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the Unitary Trait Hypothesis?

<p>Language proficiency is an indivisible trait (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of Communicative Language Testing?

<p>Focus on real-life language use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of Performance-Based Assessment?

<p>It has high content validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of Integrative Tests?

<p>They only measure linguistic competence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Criterion-Referenced Tests?

<p>To compare learners to a standard (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of Norm-Referenced Tests?

<p>They compare learners to a norm or group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Formative Assessment?

<p>To identify areas for improvement during learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Types of Assessment

  • Formative assessment is used to improve learning, and summative assessment is used to evaluate learning.
  • Norm-referenced tests compare test-takers' scores to a mean, median, standard deviation, and percentile rank.
  • Criterion-referenced tests give feedback on course or lesson objectives, and are used in classroom-based assessment.

Approaches to Language Testing

  • Structural approach (1950s) views learning as the acquisition of habits, and focuses on contrastive analysis, phonology, vocabulary, and grammar.
  • This approach tests one skill at a time, and uses statistical measures of reliability and objectivity.

Current Issues in Classroom Testing

  • New views on intelligence, including Howard Gardner's seven types of intelligence: spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, linguistic, and logical-mathematical.
  • Emotional intelligence (EQ) is also considered.

Traditional vs. Alternative Assessment

  • Traditional assessment: one-shot, standardized exams, timed, multiple-choice format, decontextualized test items, and norm-referenced scores.
  • Alternative assessment: continuous, long-term, untimed, free-response format, contextualized feedback, and criterion-referenced scores.

Computer-Based Testing

  • Advantages: classroom-based, self-directed, individualized, and practice for standardized tests.
  • Disadvantages: lack of security, possibility of cheating, and no human scorer.

Unitary Trait Hypothesis

  • This hypothesis views language proficiency as an indivisible trait, and does not distinguish between discrete points of language.

Communicative Language Testing

  • Focuses on how language is used in real-life situations, and correspondence between language test performance and language use.
  • Includes authenticity of tasks, strategic competence, and pragmatic abilities.

Performance-Based Assessment

  • Involves oral production, written production, open-ended responses, integrated performance, group performance, and interactive tasks.
  • Has high content validity, but is time-consuming and expensive.

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