Assessing Symptoms in Adults vs Infants and Children
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Questions and Answers

What makes it difficult for parents to give the history of a productive cough or a description of the sputum characteristics in infants and young children?

  • Infants and young children are often unable to produce sputum, leading to confusion for parents in describing the cough and sputum characteristics.
  • Infants and young children have difficulty communicating due to their age, making it challenging for parents to provide the history of cough and sputum characteristics.
  • Infants and young children swallow their sputum, making it difficult for parents to describe the cough and sputum characteristics. (correct)
  • Infants and young children do not experience productive coughs, which leads to difficulty in describing their symptoms for parents.

    • Why is haemoptysis seldom seen in infants and children?

  • The rib cage configuration and increased elastance in children prevent the occurrence of haemoptysis.
  • Infants and children do not produce enough sputum to experience haemoptysis.
  • The vital capacity of infants and children is too small to allow the occurrence of haemoptysis.
  • Children with respiratory tract bleeding often present with haematemesis because they swallow the coughed up blood. (correct)

    • Why is tachypnoea considered a valuable clinical sign of lower respiratory disease in infants and children?

  • Due to the configuration of their rib cage and increased elastance, infants and small children find it difficult to increase their vital capacity, leading to tachypnoea as a compensatory mechanism. (correct)
  • Tachypnoea is a common symptom in infants and children, making it a reliable indicator of lower respiratory disease.
  • Lower respiratory diseases in infants and children often result in anxiety, leading to rapid breathing as a primary symptom.
  • Infants and children have a higher tolerance for rapid breathing, making tachypnoea an early sign of lower respiratory disease.

    • How do adults typically compensate for lower respiratory disease compared to infants and small children?

    <p>Adults find it more efficient to breathe more deeply rather than quickly as a compensation for lower respiratory disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upper limit for the respiratory rate defining tachypnoea in infants?

    <p>50 breaths per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may a productive cough with copious amounts of sputum indicate?

    <p>Bronchiectasis or lung abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sign is commonly a clue to the diagnosis of whooping cough?

    <p>Paroxysmal coughing spells, followed by an inspiratory whoop and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal respiratory rate range for neonates?

    <p>$40-50$ breaths per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age group is tachypnoea defined as a respiratory rate greater than 40 breaths per minute?

    <p>$1-5$ years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can chest wall indrawing (rib retraction) indicate in children?

    <p>Lower respiratory tract disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upper limit for the respiratory rate defining tachypnoea in children aged 1-5 years?

    <p>30 breaths per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of tachypnoea in children, other than lower respiratory tract infections?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying pathology is indicated by a barking cough?

    <p>Upper airway pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a chronic cough?

    <p>Lasting longer than 21 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the best time for parents to observe the early evening cough indicating upper airway pathology in their children?

    <p>Soon after going to bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes it difficult for parents to give the history of a productive cough or a description of the sputum characteristics in infants and young children?

    <p>Infants and children swallow their sputum, making it difficult for parents to observe and describe the characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is haemoptysis seldom seen in infants and children?

    <p>Children with respiratory tract bleeding often present with haematemesis due to swallowing the coughed up blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is tachypnoea considered a late clinical sign in adults?

    <p>Adults find it more efficient to breathe deeply rather than quickly, delaying the appearance of tachypnoea as a clinical sign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does tachypnoea serve as a valuable clinical sign of lower respiratory disease in infants and children?

    <p>Infants and small children find it difficult to increase their vital capacity and compensate by breathing more quickly, indicating lower respiratory disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes it challenging for parents of infants and small children to describe the origin of chest pain or its relationship to breathing, movement, or exercise?

    <p>Parents are often unsure of the origin of the pain or its relationship to breathing, movement, or exercise when their child is suffering from chest pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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