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Assessing Renal Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a concentration test in the context provided?

To identify potential infections in the urinary tract

To measure the amount of urine produced by the kidneys

To assess the ability of the bladder to store urine

To determine the concentration of solutes in the urine (correct)

Why is the morning urine specimen discarded in a concentration test?

Because it is not collected under controlled conditions

Because it is not representative of the urine's concentration after a period of dehydration

Because it is contaminated with bacteria overnight

Because it reflects the overnight fluid intake, not the current kidney function (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a possible reason for a low concentration test result?

Diabetes insipidus

Excessive fluid intake

Dehydration (correct)

Chronic kidney disease

In the context provided, what is the most likely meaning of the word "stable"?

Consistent and unchanging Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bladder in the urinary system?

To store and release urine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions could potentially affect the results of a concentration test?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

To filter waste products from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely reason for a high concentration test result?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of a consistently low concentration test result?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can influence the concentration of urine?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tests for Assessing Tubular Function

Urine concentration test and urine dilution test are used to assess tubular function
Specific proteinuria or tubular proteinuria, aminoaciduria, and phenosulfonphthalein (PSP) test are also used

Blood Analysis

Blood analysis of urea and creatinine is used to assess renal function
Impairment of renal function results in elevation of blood urea (normal: 20-40 mg/dl) and creatinine (normal: 0.5-1.5 mg/dl)
Creatinine is more sensitive than urea due to its less reliance on dietary protein and liver function

Microscopic Examination

Microscopic examination of urine involves analysis of cells (RBC, WBC, and pus cells), crystals (calcium phosphate, ca.oxalates, and amorphous phosphates), and casts (hyaline casts, granular casts, and RBC casts)

Urine Specific Gravity

Urine specific gravity is an indicator of osmolality
Normal specific gravity is 1.015-1.025
Fixed specific gravity at 1.010 (isosthenuria) is an early manifestation of renal damage
Concentration test involves emptying the bladder and discarding the morning specimen