47 Questions
Which psychologist challenged the definition of intelligence, emphasizing sensory abilities?
Francis Galton
What did Francis Galton believe makes people smart?
Sensory abilities
What were most of the knowledge first come through according to Francis Galton's view?
Senses
According to Francis Galton, what might a deaf & blind person become despite their sensory limitations?
A brilliant author
Which type of ability did Francis Galton find to be only weakly related to intelligence?
Sensory ability
What did Francis Galton consider as a byproduct of sensory capacity?
Acquiring knowledge
Who developed the first intelligence test in 1904?
Alfred Binet and Thedore Simon
What was the basis of the bell-shaped distribution in the first intelligence test?
Reasoning, understanding, judgment, etc.
Who translated and modified Binet and Simon's test, leading to the Stanford-Binet IQ test?
Lewis Terman
Which test can be administered to both children and adults with varying items depending on the age of the person?
Stanford-Binet IQ test
What are the five dimensions measured by the Stanford-Binet IQ test?
Fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working memory
Who used intelligence tests during World War I to place soldiers in positions matching their cognitive abilities?
Robert Yerkes
What is the purpose of Computerized Adaptive Testing?
Adjusting the level of item difficulty to match the test-taker's knowledge and ability
What is affected by factors such as poverty and socio-economic status?
IQ tests
'Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children V' assesses intellectual abilities for which age group?
Children aged 6-16
Which aspect is assessed by 'Intellectual disabilities'?
Adaptive behavior
What did Robert Yerkes use intelligence tests for during World War I?
Placing soldiers in suitable positions matching their cognitive abilities
What percentage of the population are intellectually gifted with IQ scores above 130?
2%
Which act entitles people with intellectual disabilities to a full education?
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
What are the variations in intellectual disabilities based on severity?
Mild, moderate, severe, profound
Who followed 1500 gifted children throughout their lives and found them to be more physically, academically, and socially capable?
Lewis Terman
Which group has a larger racial gap in intellectual abilities due to environmental factors?
African-Americans
What role do genetic factors play in the abilities of the intellectually gifted?
A significant role
Who argued that IQ plays a much more important role in society and suggested genetic differences between African-Americans and White Americans?
Herrnstein and Murray
Which factor is associated with spatial ability, according to the text?
Testosterone
In which type of task are women better than men according to the text?
Verbal tasks
Who is entitled to a full education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act?
People with intellectual disabilities
Which racial group was argued to have genetic IQ differences compared to White Americans?
African-Americans
According to the text, where does the racial gap in intellectual abilities drop significantly?
Countries with good environmental conditions
What is the Flynn Effect?
An increase in average IQ scores over the generations
Which type of IQ test items are culture-fair and don't depend on language?
Abstract-reasoning items
According to the text, what may affect IQ test results?
Racial and cultural backgrounds
What does the Flynn Effect attribute the increase in average IQ scores to?
Increased complexity of the modern world
What do culture-fair IQ tests consist of?
Abstract-reasoning items
According to the text, what may bias IQ tests against some racial and cultural groups?
Types of questions provided
What does the Flynn Effect suggest about the average IQ of the population?
It has been increasing over time
What is Raven's Progressive Matrices designed to measure?
(IQ) intelligence quotient
What do culture-fair IQ tests aim to minimize?
Cultural biases
According to Charles Spearman's theory, what does the g-factor represent?
The underlying general construct of intelligence
What type of intelligence reflects the ability to come up with new solutions to problems and develop novel ideas?
Creative intelligence
Which type of intelligence is linked to the capacity to comprehend and perform basic arithmetical operations?
Numerical ability
According to Howard Gardner's theory, why is the concept of multiple intelligences controversial?
Lack of a solid empirical basis
What type of intelligence reflects the ability to solve real-world problems and interact successfully with everyday life?
Practical intelligence
Which factor reflects the ability to think logically, reason abstractly, and learn new ways of solving problems according to Cattell and Horn's theory?
Fluid intelligence
What did Francis Galton use in his early attempts to measure intelligence?
Sensory perception and reaction time tests
What has been criticized about the use of IQ tests for assessing intelligence?
Their potential biases and ethical concerns
What has evidence suggested about fluid intelligence with age?
It declines with age
Study Notes
- Intelligence is a complex construct that can be understood in various ways, such as the capacity for abstract thinking, mastering hunting skills, success in business life, or wisdom and doing good for society
- Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence proposes the existence of a single, general factor for mental ability, called g-factor, which reflects the underlying general construct of intelligence
- Spearman also identified specific abilities (S), which are more task-specific and can be influenced by both nature and nurture
- Verbal ability: ability to comprehend the meaning of words and communicate effectively
- Mechanical ability: understanding of mechanical machinery and its operation
- Numerical ability: capacity to comprehend and perform basic arithmetical operations
- Spatial ability: understanding and reasoning about visual and spatial relations among objects or space
- Raymond Cattell and John Horn proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence, consisting of fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence
- Fluid intelligence reflects the ability to think logically, reason abstractly, and learn new ways of solving problems
- Crystallized intelligence is the accumulation of knowledge and skills through experience and education
- Evidence suggests that fluid intelligence declines with age, while crystallized intelligence continues to improve
- Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that there are separate and isolated domains of intellectual skills, but it remains controversial due to its lack of a solid empirical basis and the lack of testing for these intelligences
- Stenberg's Triarchic Model of Intelligence proposes three types of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative
- Analytical intelligence is the ability to reason logically and solve problems
- Practical intelligence is the ability to solve real-world problems and interact successfully with everyday life
- Creative intelligence is the ability to come up with new solutions to problems and develop novel ideas
- Biological bases of intelligence include brain size, brain volume, and the thickness of the cerebral cortex, all of which have been linked to intelligence levels in various studies
- Reaction time and memory tasks have also been found to correlate with intelligence levels
- The first attempts to measure intelligence date back to Francis Galton, who used sensory perception and reaction time tests, but later methods such as IQ tests have proven to be more reliable and valid
- The use of IQ tests for assessing intelligence has been criticized for its potential biases and ethical concerns, including the misuse of intelligence testing for eugenics purposes in the early 20th century.
Explore the concept of intelligence assessment through this quiz, which covers topics such as IQ calculation, the history of IQ testing, and the interpretation of deviation IQ. Learn about the work of Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon in developing tests to identify children in need of special educational assistance.
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