Challenges of ECC patients
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of acid-base derangements in patients?

  • Metabolic disorders (correct)
  • Oxygen deficiency
  • Fluid imbalance
  • Electrolyte imbalance

    • Which electrolyte should ideally be measured in ECC patients?

  • Bicarbonate
  • Total calcium
  • Manganese
  • Sodium (correct)

    • What can be given to address problems with oncotic pull in patients?

  • Blood and Plasma (correct)
  • Plasma
  • Artificial colloids
  • Blood, Plasma and Artificial Colloids

    • What is the most accurate way to measure only dehydration in patients?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of decreased blood glucose levels in patients?

    <p>Sepsis Patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of increased blood glucose levels in patients?

    <p>Osmotic diuresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of decreased blood glucose levels in patients?

    <p>Energy imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of increased blood glucose levels in a camelid?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a complication commonly seen in critical illness in relation to the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason it is important to avoid acid suppressants if possible in a ECC patient?

    <p>They can cause bacterial translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider the metabolism of drugs in sick animals?

    <p>Sick animals may have impaired drug metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do young animals require different drug dosages compared to adults?

    <p>They have different body composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when using antimicrobial dosages in animals?

    <p>Dosages should be chosen based on published research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is nutrition considered absolutely essential in patient care?

    <p>It improves tissue healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is enteral feeding preferred over parenteral feeding?

    <p>Enteral feeding provides better nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when providing analgesia to small animals?

    <p>NSAIDs should be used cautiously in hypovolaemic animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration in nursing care and patient mobilisation?

    <p>Human contact is needed for patient wellbeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of wound care and bandage changes?

    <p>Wounds should be kept moist but not macerated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT associated directly with hypotension in a critical patient?

    <p>Low glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a measure of coagulation?

    <p>Increased ATIII (anti thrombin 3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended minimum concentration of RBC/Hb for transfusion in a chronically critically ill patient?

    <p>&lt;15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the MOST sensitive test for renal function?

    <p>Urinalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT always a primary factor that causes renal failure?

    <p>Chronic Renal Failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a measure of immune status?

    <p>Antibiotic dosage and selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the BEST indicator of oxygenation?

    <p>Pulse ox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT associated with a marked change in oxygenation?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of decreased albumin levels in a critically ill animal?

    <p>Hyperammonaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential signs of inability to keep products in the intravascular space?

    <p>Peripheral edema and/or tissue edema, TP &lt;40g/L and albumin &lt; 20g/l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential causes of increased blood glucose levels in ECC patients?

    <p>Stress, underlying disease (DM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolytes should ideally be measured in ECC patients?

    <p>Calcium and magnesium (ideally ionised), Sodium, Chloride, Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential causes of hypotension in critical patients?

    <p>Fluid loss, cardiac disease or dysrhythmias, low temperature, low glucose, low oxygen, electrolyte derangements, brain stem pathology, poor analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measures can be used to assess coagulation in animals?

    <p>Decreased ATIII, decreased platelet count, prolonged PT, PTT, ACT, decreased fibrinogen, increased FDP's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is albumin measurement important in critically ill animals?

    <p>Low albumin is associated with increased mortality; it can be caused by GI or renal loss, liver failure, or cytokine suppression of albumin production in SIRS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some complications commonly seen in critical illness in relation to the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Some complications commonly seen in critical illness in relation to the gastrointestinal system include gastric stasis, LI and SI ileus, and gastric disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to avoid acid suppressants if possible in a critically ill animal?

    <p>It is important to avoid acid suppressants if possible in a critically ill animal because gastric acid plays a role in preventing bacterial translocation and can lead to sepsis and bacteriemias if the gut is penetrated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is nutrition considered absolutely essential in patient care?

    <p>Nutrition is considered absolutely essential in patient care because it prevents tissue catabolism and promotes healing. Enteral feeding is preferred over parenteral feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors should be considered when providing analgesia to small animals?

    <p>When providing analgesia to small animals, care should be taken with NSAIDs in hypovolemic animals, consideration should be given to cardiovascular effects of alpha-2 agonists, and sedative effects and respiratory depression should be considered with opioids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enteral feeding is ______ than parenteral feeding

    <p>better</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Check catheter sites often – any concerns, ______, culture and replace

    <p>remove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Optimal wound management should be to keep them ______ but not macerated

    <p>moist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mental health of the patient is as ______ as physical health

    <p>important</p> Signup and view all the answers

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