Assam: Geographical Features, Biodiversity, and Economy

Assam, Northeastern India

Assam is a state located in northeastern India bordering Bhutan, Bangladesh, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and West Bengal. It is part of the Seven Sister States along with Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura. Assam covers an area of approximately 78,962 square kilometers, making it the second largest among the states of India. Its capital city is Dispur, which is also known as Guwahati, and its official languages are Assamese and English.

Geographical Features

Assam is situated between latitude 21°30' N and 28°00' N and longitudinal line 82°45' E and 94°30' E. It lies between 90°36' E and 94°28' E east longitudes and 21°36' N and 28°15' N north latitudes. The main rivers flowing through Assam are the Brahmaputra River, Lohit River, Subansiri River, Kameng River, Manas River, Teesta River, Dibang River, and Raidak River. These rivers support the growth of natural forests and lush vegetation over vast areas.

The vast stretches of Asampra plains dotted with meandering rivers and rivulets have made Assam a land of water and green. A large proportion of the surface of the State consists of riverine valleys spread out between high hills and mountains. Some of these mountains are Dehing, Garo Hills, Khasi Jaintia Hills, Patkai Range, and Naga Hills. The high-lying areas of Assam are characterized by a cool climate, whereas the low-lying areas are warm and humid.

Biodiversity

Assam is known for its rich biodiversity. The state is home to 1,000 species of plants and 1,000 species of animals. The Padma River National Park, the Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary, the Nameri National Park, and the Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary are some of the protected areas that are part of the state's wildlife preservation. The state is also known for its medicinal plants, and the Assam government is taking steps to promote them.

Population

Assam is the home of the Assamese people, who are a blend of Aryan and Dravidian races. The state has a population of 31,169,272 as per the National Population Register of India. The population density of Assam is 398 people per square kilometer. The state has a population growth rate of 1.37%.

Economy

Assam is one of the fastest-growing economies in India. The state has rich natural resources and is known for its tea, oil, and timber industries. Assam's economy is primarily driven by agriculture, which accounts for around 50% of the state's gross domestic product. The state's primary crops include rice, jute, oilseeds, tea, and sugarcane.

In conclusion, Assam is a diverse state with rich biodiversity and a thriving economy. Its geographical features, including vast plains and mountainous regions, contribute to its unique landscapes and climate. The state's rich natural resources and agricultural potential make it an important region in India's economy.