Aspects of Connected Speech Quiz

A phone is an articulatory-acoustic unit of sound in speech, while a phoneme is an abstract unit that serves to differentiate meaning but has no intrinsic meaning itself.

Complementary distribution occurs when one allophone appears in a specific context where the other cannot, while parallel distribution means that allophones can appear in the same context but are still non-distinctive.

A minimal pair demonstrates a difference in only one phoneme which helps to confirm the phonemic status of that sound in a language.

<p>Aspiration is an articulatory feature that does not change the meaning of words and thus does not differentiate phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distinctive features are the articulatory and acoustic properties that define a phoneme, and they are crucial for distinguishing one phoneme from another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assimilation is the process where two dissimilar sounds become more similar when close to each other, influencing each other to make articulation easier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regressive assimilation occurs when a sound that follows changes a sound that precedes it; for example, in the phrase 'have to' where 'have' may sound like 'haf'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive assimilation occurs when a preceding sound influences a following sound, while regressive assimilation involves a following sound influencing a preceding one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plural ending -(e)s is pronounced [s] after a voiceless consonant and [z] after a voiced consonant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elision refers to the disappearance of a sound, often occurring in rapid speech where certain consonants or vowels are not pronounced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linking is the process of merging words together for smoother pronunciation; for example, 'four eggs' can be pronounced as 'for eggs'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Affrication involves changing a stop consonant into an affricate, which affects how sounds are articulated in rapid speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phonology is the linguistic discipline that focuses on the sound level of a language, analyzing how sounds function and pattern in communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A vowel sound creates the nucleus of a syllable, while a consonant sound functions non-syllabically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In phonology, sounds like [l] may act as a center of a syllable, thus behaving as vowels, despite being phonetically considered consonants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental source features are vocalic and non-vocalic, as well as consonantal and non-consonantal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interrupted phonemes have an abrupt onset, while continuant phonemes feature a gradual onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resonance features classify sounds as compact, with a centrally located formant, or diffuse, with no central formant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sonorants are sounds characterized by voicing, differentiating them from voiceless counterparts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The five major class features are syllabic, consonantal, sonorant, continuant, and obstructive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The grave distinction indicates that the lower side of the spectrum prevails, whereas acute focuses on the upper side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strong syllable is stressed and contains a vowel phoneme or diphthong as its nucleus, while a weak syllable often ends with a vowel and may lack stresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prosodic features provide additional information to speech through variations in pitch, loudness, duration, and rhythm, affecting how messages are conveyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four types of modulation are temporal modulation, force modulation, tone modulation, and qualitative modulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intonation encompasses prosodic features with grammatical functions, influencing the meaning and emotion behind a sentence through melody and pitch variations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A syllable is the smallest unit necessary for the production and perception of prosodic features, consisting of segments such as vowels, consonants, and their interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Length as a temporal modulation affects the duration of words spoken, influencing the pacing and clarity of the utterance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pauses are functional elements in speech that can indicate relationships between ideas, emphasize points, or create a dramatic effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voice intensity refers to the power and loudness of the voice, while word stress emphasizes certain syllables within words, highlighting their importance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three categories are short, long, and closing phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allophones are combinatory variants of phonemes that do not change meaning; an example is the aspirated [pʰ] in the initial position of stressed syllables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phonemes [i] and [u] are considered phones and not separate phonemes as they do not contrast meaningfully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lateral phoneme /l/ manifests as clear [l] before vowels, dark [ɫ] after vowels and before consonants, and devoiced [l̥] after plosives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phoneme is distinguished from others by its unique set of simultaneous distinctive features that include properties like voicing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example is the word 'glared' [gleɪd], which contains the closing vowel phoneme /eɪ/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contrastive features clearly distinguish phonemes from each other, while descriptive features reflect the phonetic nature of phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are considered non-distinctive realizations in unstressed positions, thus not functioning as separate phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a longer aspiration phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vowels are categorized as high, low, central, back or rounded based on the position of the tongue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sonority refers to the relative loudness of sounds, with the most sonorous sound forming the center of a syllable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A syllabic consonant is classified as a consonant in phonetics but functions as a vowel, making it the nucleus of a syllable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phonotactics studies the permissible combinations of sounds and phonemes in a language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A consonant is identified as [strident] if it produces a high degree of noise and is typically produced with a greater intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language that can appear at the boundary between syllables in a consonant cluster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Tree Diagram visually represents the hierarchical structure of syllables and their components, illustrating how sounds are organized.</p> Signup and view all the answers