Aspects of Connected Speech Quiz

A phone is an articulatory-acoustic unit of sound in speech, while a phoneme is an abstract unit that serves to differentiate meaning but has no intrinsic meaning itself.

Complementary distribution occurs when one allophone appears in a specific context where the other cannot, while parallel distribution means that allophones can appear in the same context but are still non-distinctive.

A minimal pair demonstrates a difference in only one phoneme which helps to confirm the phonemic status of that sound in a language.

<p>Aspiration is an articulatory feature that does not change the meaning of words and thus does not differentiate phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distinctive features are the articulatory and acoustic properties that define a phoneme, and they are crucial for distinguishing one phoneme from another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assimilation is the process where two dissimilar sounds become more similar when close to each other, influencing each other to make articulation easier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regressive assimilation occurs when a sound that follows changes a sound that precedes it; for example, in the phrase 'have to' where 'have' may sound like 'haf'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive assimilation occurs when a preceding sound influences a following sound, while regressive assimilation involves a following sound influencing a preceding one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plural ending -(e)s is pronounced [s] after a voiceless consonant and [z] after a voiced consonant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elision refers to the disappearance of a sound, often occurring in rapid speech where certain consonants or vowels are not pronounced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linking is the process of merging words together for smoother pronunciation; for example, 'four eggs' can be pronounced as 'for eggs'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Affrication involves changing a stop consonant into an affricate, which affects how sounds are articulated in rapid speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phonology is the linguistic discipline that focuses on the sound level of a language, analyzing how sounds function and pattern in communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A vowel sound creates the nucleus of a syllable, while a consonant sound functions non-syllabically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In phonology, sounds like [l] may act as a center of a syllable, thus behaving as vowels, despite being phonetically considered consonants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental source features are vocalic and non-vocalic, as well as consonantal and non-consonantal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interrupted phonemes have an abrupt onset, while continuant phonemes feature a gradual onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resonance features classify sounds as compact, with a centrally located formant, or diffuse, with no central formant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sonorants are sounds characterized by voicing, differentiating them from voiceless counterparts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The five major class features are syllabic, consonantal, sonorant, continuant, and obstructive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The grave distinction indicates that the lower side of the spectrum prevails, whereas acute focuses on the upper side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strong syllable is stressed and contains a vowel phoneme or diphthong as its nucleus, while a weak syllable often ends with a vowel and may lack stresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prosodic features provide additional information to speech through variations in pitch, loudness, duration, and rhythm, affecting how messages are conveyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four types of modulation are temporal modulation, force modulation, tone modulation, and qualitative modulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intonation encompasses prosodic features with grammatical functions, influencing the meaning and emotion behind a sentence through melody and pitch variations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A syllable is the smallest unit necessary for the production and perception of prosodic features, consisting of segments such as vowels, consonants, and their interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Length as a temporal modulation affects the duration of words spoken, influencing the pacing and clarity of the utterance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pauses are functional elements in speech that can indicate relationships between ideas, emphasize points, or create a dramatic effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voice intensity refers to the power and loudness of the voice, while word stress emphasizes certain syllables within words, highlighting their importance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three categories are short, long, and closing phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allophones are combinatory variants of phonemes that do not change meaning; an example is the aspirated [pʰ] in the initial position of stressed syllables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phonemes [i] and [u] are considered phones and not separate phonemes as they do not contrast meaningfully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lateral phoneme /l/ manifests as clear [l] before vowels, dark [ɫ] after vowels and before consonants, and devoiced [l̥] after plosives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phoneme is distinguished from others by its unique set of simultaneous distinctive features that include properties like voicing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example is the word 'glared' [gleɪd], which contains the closing vowel phoneme /eɪ/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contrastive features clearly distinguish phonemes from each other, while descriptive features reflect the phonetic nature of phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are considered non-distinctive realizations in unstressed positions, thus not functioning as separate phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a longer aspiration phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vowels are categorized as high, low, central, back or rounded based on the position of the tongue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sonority refers to the relative loudness of sounds, with the most sonorous sound forming the center of a syllable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A syllabic consonant is classified as a consonant in phonetics but functions as a vowel, making it the nucleus of a syllable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phonotactics studies the permissible combinations of sounds and phonemes in a language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A consonant is identified as [strident] if it produces a high degree of noise and is typically produced with a greater intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language that can appear at the boundary between syllables in a consonant cluster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Tree Diagram visually represents the hierarchical structure of syllables and their components, illustrating how sounds are organized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process where two sounds become more alike when close to each other. It's a mutual influence of neighboring sounds.

A sound that follows changes the sound that comes before it. Think of it influencing the sound to its left.

A preceding sound has an influence on the sound that comes after it. Think of it influencing the sound to its right.

The disappearance of a sound in casual, rapid speech.

When a stop sound changes into an affricate.

The merging of words together, like a bridge connecting two landmasses.

A linguistic discipline that studies the sound system of a language.

A change in a sound that results in a sibilant consonant (sounds like 's' or 'sh').

The smallest meaningful unit of sound in a language that can change the meaning of words. Consider it a basic building block of sound that can be used to distinguish words.

The actual sound produced in speech, a concrete realization of a phoneme. It's like the specific way you say a sound, influenced by its surrounding sounds.

A specific variation of a phoneme, influenced by its surrounding sounds in a word. Think of it as different ways of saying the same sound.

A test to see if two sounds are different phonemes in a language. It involves comparing words that differ by only one sound, and checking if this difference changes the meaning.

Two words that differ by only one sound in the same position, demonstrating that the two sounds are separate phonemes.

A vowel sound that is produced with a single, unchanging vocal tract position. Think of it as a single, steady note.

A two-part vowel sound, where the tongue changes position. Think of it as a sliding guitar note.

A feature of a sound that helps distinguish it from other sounds, like the difference between voiced and voiceless sounds. Think of it as a special tag on a sound.

A type of allophone that occurs when a sound is influenced by a neighboring sound. Think of it as a sound getting a makeover.

The start of a syllable, before the vowel sound.

The vowel sound in a syllable.

The consonants that come after the vowel sound in a syllable.

A syllable that is pronounced with more force, usually louder.

A syllable that is pronounced with less force, usually quieter.

Changes in the way we speak that affect the rhythm and tone of an utterance.

The rise and fall of pitch in speech, creating a melody for the utterance.

A speech feature that contributes to the meaning and feeling of an utterance, such as emphasis or emotion.

A sound with a longer aspiration phase, meaning the air continues to escape from the mouth for a longer period after the sound is made.

The relative loudness of a sound, determined by the function of the vocal cords and the opening of the supraglottic cavities.

A consonant sound that functions as the nucleus of a syllable, despite being phonetically classified as a consonant.

A consonant sound produced with the tongue's tip raised towards the teeth or palate, like the sounds /t/, /d/, /n/, /l/, /s/, and /z/.

The study of the permissible sound combinations in language.

The smallest unit of meaning in a language, consisting of a single sound or a combination of sounds.

The branch of linguistics that studies the interaction between phonology and morphology, focusing on how sounds are affected by the structure of words.

A set of rules governing the syllabic structure of a language.

A sound produced with a non-syllabic function, meaning it doesn't form the centre of a syllable. Think of it as a sound supporting vowels.

A sound that forms the nucleus of a syllable, the core of a word's pronunciation. Think of it as the main sound of a syllable, the peak.

The central feature that defines a sound as a consonant or vowel, based on the placement of the tongue and other articulatory structures.

A characteristic indicating a sound is produced with a free flow of air through the oral cavity, without any obstruction. Think of it as a relaxed and unobstructed sound.

A characteristic indicating a sound is produced with an obstruction of air flow in the oral cavity, creating a distinct, audible sound. Think of it as a sound with a clear blockage.

A characteristic indicating a sound is produced with a relatively unrestricted air flow through the nasal cavity, creating a humming quality. Think of it as sounds resonating through the nose.

A characteristic indicating a sound is produced with a relatively restricted air flow through the oral cavity, creating a buzz or vibration of the vocal cords. Think of it as a sound that's produced with the presence of a voice.

A characteristic indicating a sound is produced with a relatively restricted air flow through the oral cavity, creating a sharp and abrupt sound. Think of it as a sound with a sudden stop of the air flow.