Questions and Answers
What is the current number of ratifications of the ILO Minimum Age Convention 138?
Which countries have not ratified the ILO Minimum Age Convention 138?
What sector is mainly associated with child labor as per the information provided?
Why is the prevention of child labor complicated according to the content?
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What percentage of the child workforce is likely employed in export industries?
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What role do international companies potentially play in relation to child labor?
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What complicates companies' actions regarding child labor according to different perceptions?
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What are corporate codes of conduct seen as according to the information?
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What does the International Labour Organization (ILO) consider as unacceptable forms of child labour?
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At what age does the ILO classify a child working as acceptable under certain light conditions?
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Which convention is specifically aimed at combating the worst forms of child labour?
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Which of the following practices is NOT considered a form of child labour according to the ILO?
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What significant shift occurred in the ratification of the 1999 ILO Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour?
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Which of the following countries has NOT ratified the 1999 ILO Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour?
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What cultural factors can influence perceptions of child labour?
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What is a characteristic of 'light work' as described by the ILO?
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Study Notes
Aspects of Child Labour
The International Debate
- The International Labour Organization (ILO) has established frameworks to define and improve working conditions for children.
- Important conventions include the 1973 Minimum Age Convention and the 1999 Convention to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labour.
- A spectrum exists between acceptable 'child work' and unacceptable 'child labour.'
- Acceptable forms may involve light work for children aged 13 and older, if not harmful to health or education.
- Unacceptable labour includes abusive practices such as slavery, trafficking, forced recruitment for armed conflict, and exploitation in illicit activities.
- The 1999 ILO Convention defines anyone under 18 as a child, emphasizing global consensus against the worst forms of child labour.
- The 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child reflects widespread support against severe child exploitation.
- Fast ratification of the 1999 ILO Convention (Convention 182) by 100 countries within two years highlights urgency in addressing child labour, aiming for 175 UN members to sign by 2003.
- Key non-ratifying countries of the 1999 Convention include China, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan.
- The 1973 ILO Minimum Age Convention (Convention 138) has slower ratification; currently at 112 countries, mostly setting minimum ages of 14 to 16.
- Notable non-ratifying countries for the 1973 Convention include the United States, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan, while China is a ratifying country.
- Brazil and Indonesia are among the countries that ratified both conventions.
- Child labour predominantly occurs in the informal sector, often beyond the reach of national legislation, complicating enforcement.
- Agriculture, services, and small-scale manufacturing are the primary sectors employing child labour.
- Export industries account for less than 5% of the child workforce, illustrating limits of government intervention and sanctions.
- Emphasis is placed on the role of international companies in preventing child labour through direct operations and outsourced activities.
- Corporate codes of conduct are essential tools for companies to promote ethical labour standards.
Implications for Companies
- Companies must navigate various national perceptions of child labour, aligning with differing societal views and standards.
- Discrepancies often arise between host countries and companies’ countries of origin regarding child labour policies.
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Description
This quiz explores the international debate on child labour, focusing on key conventions established by the International Labour Organization (ILO). It covers the 1973 Minimum Age Convention and the 1999 Convention to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labour, discussing acceptable and unacceptable forms of child work. Test your knowledge on the issues surrounding child labour and the efforts made to improve working conditions.
