Asian Perspectives on Development Paths
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Questions and Answers

The key ingredients for success are democracy and free ______.

markets

The first key principle suggested is ______.

meritocracy

Capitalism moved away from ______ towards meritocracy.

aristocracy

Democracy helps in flushing out old ______ and supporting new ones.

<p>elites</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many Asian students studying in the United States contribute to their ______ pool of talent.

<p>largest</p> Signup and view all the answers

Taiwan’s economic miracle was aided by returning ______.

<p>students</p> Signup and view all the answers

The second principle for success is ______.

<p>peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asian talent is often wasted due to conservative social and political ______.

<p>forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Western prescription was for all societies to become replicas of Western ______.

<p>liberal democracies</p> Signup and view all the answers

The famous 'Asian values debate' was sparked by Asians' resistance to copying the ______.

<p>West</p> Signup and view all the answers

Western societies rest on a plateau of ______ that many Asian minds aspire to understand.

<p>contentment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intellectuals from Asia, including ______, agree on democracy as the ultimate destination for all societies.

<p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asians have developed a desire to bypass the plateau and look for ______ peaks beyond it.

<p>alternative</p> Signup and view all the answers

September 11, 2001, removed traces of political smugness in Western ______.

<p>minds</p> Signup and view all the answers

The confidence of Asians in themselves has increased, allowing them to explore their ______ heritage.

<p>cultural</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most Islamic societies struggle to find the right balance between ______ and their religious roots.

<p>modernisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The economic principles behind Asia's rise stem from Scotsman ______.

<p>Adam Smith</p> Signup and view all the answers

Western scholarship played a role in preserving the fruits of Asian ______.

<p>civilisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The international multilateral grid that has benefited Asia is essentially a ______ creation.

<p>Western</p> Signup and view all the answers

As Asian cultures began to ______, Western museums and universities maintained their art and cultural achievements.

<p>deteriorate</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a growing consciousness among Asians that they can evolve their own modern and ______ societies.

<p>advanced</p> Signup and view all the answers

On the cultural front, ______ has emerged as the major exception in Asia, gaining strength.

<p>Bollywood</p> Signup and view all the answers

The richness and depth of Indian and Chinese ______ have been recognized and acknowledged by scholars.

<p>civilisations</p> Signup and view all the answers

An Asian ______ is currently underway, showcasing a reinvigoration of cultural interests.

<p>renaissance</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first essay that gained great notoriety was a response to Samuel Huntington’s 'The Clash of ______'.

<p>Civilizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author was astonished at how quickly some long-term predictions have ______.

<p>materialised</p> Signup and view all the answers

At the time of writing, illegal immigration across the Mediterranean was a ______.

<p>trickle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Today, the illegal immigration across the Mediterranean is described as a ______.

<p>river</p> Signup and view all the answers

The deaths of 19 Chinese trying to smuggle into England provided proof of the author's ______.

<p>arguments</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author compares Western political power's unilateralist impulses to the defenders of Singapore in World War II with their guns pointing the ______ way.

<p>wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

Francis Fukuyama celebrated the triumph of Western ______.

<p>values</p> Signup and view all the answers

The essay challenges the assumption that the West has no need to make major ______.

<p>adjustments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asian economies now produce almost 40 percent of global ______.

<p>GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

No Asian TV channel currently can match ______ or the BBC.

<p>CNN</p> Signup and view all the answers

The world sees Asia through ______ eyes.

<p>Western</p> Signup and view all the answers

History teaches us that economic growth eventually generates a cultural ______.

<p>renaissance</p> Signup and view all the answers

The high price paid for Asian ______ in Western auction houses is a hint of cultural pride.

<p>antiques</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Western mind believes that it understands all ______.

<p>worlds</p> Signup and view all the answers

The paradoxical result of this deep-seated assumption is that the Western mind is actually unaware of the limits of its ______.

<p>understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

This essay was an attempt to open new ______ in the Western mind.

<p>windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

The millennium is a European ______.

<p>event</p> Signup and view all the answers

At the last turn of the millennium, European societies were languishing in the ______ Ages.

<p>Dark</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Europe had not shot ahead, most of mankind, including ______, would still have been languishing.

<p>Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The millennium that has just ended should be called the ______ Millennium.

<p>European</p> Signup and view all the answers

A thousand years ago, China was enjoying the glories of the ______ Dynasty.

<p>Song</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the largest cities in the world was emerging in ______ Asia.

<p>Southeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only one Asian society—______—has fully caught up with Europe.

<p>Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asians need to ask themselves hard ______.

<p>questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Plateau of Contentment

The belief that all societies will eventually converge towards Western-style liberal democracies.

Alternative Peaks

Asians are moving beyond the Western model and seeking unique paths for their societies.

Asian Renaissance

Asians are regaining confidence in their own cultural heritage and traditions.

Economic Freedom to Think

The ability to think and reflect independently, often driven by economic freedom.

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Rescuing Their Legacy

Asians are actively rediscovering and revitalizing their rich social and cultural heritage.

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Western Preservation of Asian Culture

The role of Western scholarship in preserving and showcasing Asian culture during periods of decline.

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Mind Nourished by Heritage

The confidence and pride that comes from understanding and appreciating one's own cultural roots.

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Newfound Confidence in Asian Cities

A resurgence of interest in traditional languages and cultural practices across Asian cities.

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European Millenium

The period from 1000 to 2000 AD is considered the European Millennium, as Europe made significant advancements in science, technology, economy, society, and politics.

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Asia's Lost Millennium

This term emphasizes that Asia fell behind Europe during the European Millenium.

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Asian Societies Slipped

While China and Southeast Asia were flourishing in the 10th century, they eventually fell behind Europe.

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Japan's Catch Up

Japan, in contrast to many other Asian societies, has caught up with Europe in terms of development.

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Asia's Potential

Asian societies have a unique opportunity to realize their potential for growth and advancement in the new millennium.

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Challenges for Asia

To thrive in the new millennium, Asian societies need to overcome the challenges they face, such as social and economic issues.

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Asking Hard Questions

It is crucial for Asian societies to address their past shortcomings and find solutions to progress in the new millennium.

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Three Key Challenges

This essay highlights three key challenges that Asian societies must address to succeed in the new millennium.

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Western Ideological Prescription

The belief that all societies should adopt Western-style liberal democracies.

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Asian Values Debate

The debate sparked by Asian nations resisting Western pressures to adopt their model of democracy, arguing for the right to choose their own political paths.

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Asian Intellectuals' View on Democracy

The acknowledgment that democracy is the ultimate goal for all societies, but the route and timing may vary based on individual contexts.

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Western Ideological Shift Post 9/11

The shift in Western perspective after 9/11, recognizing the significance of Islam as a new ideological challenge.

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Modernization vs. Religious Roots in Islam

The ongoing challenge faced by Islamic societies to balance modernization with their religious traditions.

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East Asian Success and Islamic Modernization

The potential for successful East Asian economies, including Muslim societies, to inspire modernization in the Islamic world.

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Asia's Reliance on Western Ideas

The idea that Asian economic growth is driven by Western ideas and systems, making Asian countries reliant on external influences.

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Asia's Future Role in Global Order

The future challenge for Asia, transitioning from beneficiaries of the Western-led global order to active contributors and shapers of the world order.

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Meritocracy

A system where social and political positions are earned based on individual abilities and achievements, rather than inherited privilege.

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Creative Destruction

The continuous process of innovation and competition where new businesses emerge and replace older ones, driving economic progress.

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Emergence of Talent

The ability of the best and brightest individuals from a society to rise to positions of leadership.

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Tapping Asian Talent

The process of importing foreign talent and training them, potentially leading to economic growth and societal revitalization.

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Brain Drain Return

The impact of returning students, bringing their acquired skills and knowledge back to their home countries.

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Yeast for Revival

The role of multinational companies in fostering economic growth and development by providing training and opportunities for local talent.

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Peace for Prosperity

The vital need for peaceful conditions for economic growth and prosperity.

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Democracy & Free Markets

The concept that societies that embrace both democracy and free markets with appropriate institutional frameworks are more likely to succeed.

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Western Mind's Belief

The belief that Western ideas are universally applicable and that all other cultures are open to Western influence.

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Paradox of Western Understanding

A paradox that arises from the Western mind's belief that it understands all cultures while neglecting the limitations of its own understanding.

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Asian Cultural Renaissance

A cultural renaissance that would rediscover Asian traditions while integrating aspects of Western civilization.

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Rediscovering Asian Heritage

The process of Asian societies rediscovering their rich cultural heritage and creating new directions for the future.

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Asian Economic Power

The economic power of Asian economies, which represents a significant portion of global GDP.

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Asian Societies' Reflection Questions

Questions that will arise as Asian societies reflect on their history, particularly their comparatively slower modernization and the role of Western influence in their past.

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Western Influence on Asia's Image

The influence that Western culture and perspectives have on the global understanding of Asia.

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Future Asian Insights

The idea that Asian societies will inevitably develop new perspectives and insights as their economic and cultural influence grows.

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Western Exceptionalism

The West's belief that its social, economic, and political institutions are superior to those of other parts of the world, leading to a sense of dominance and entitlement.

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Triumph of Western Values

The idea that the West won the Cold War not just due to military power but also because its social and political models are superior, leading the West to believe it has no need to change.

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Illegal Immigration

The movement of people from less developed regions to more developed regions, often seeking better economic opportunities.

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Interdependent World

A situation where countries and people are increasingly interconnected through trade, technology, and communication, making them interdependent.

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Unilateralist Impulses

A situation where a country or group of countries acts unilaterally (on their own) without consulting others, potentially creating tension and conflict.

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Huge Contradiction

A situation where there is a mismatch or conflict between different parts of a system, potentially leading to instability.

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Drawing Up The Ramparts

The act of building walls or barriers to prevent people or ideas from entering or leaving a place, often as a way to protect or isolate oneself.',

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Exploding Contradictions

A prediction that the West's unilateralist actions will clash with its own creation of an interconnected world, leading to unexpected consequences.

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Study Notes

Asian Minds and the Path to Development

  • Asians previously believed the West's developmental path was the ultimate goal, envisioning all societies reaching a similar liberal democratic state.
  • Now, a different perspective emerges: Asian societies recognize alternative paths beyond the Western plateau.
  • This change reflects a newfound confidence in Asian societies' potential independent paths.
  • This confidence is fueled by rising economic power, providing freedom to explore and recover cultural heritage.
  • Western scholarship has historically acknowledged the depth of Asian civilizations like China and India.
  • A renewed Asian interest in traditional language and culture is seen across Asian cities.
  • A cultural renaissance is underway, drawing renewed interest in cultural heritage.

The European Millennium

  • The millennium is a European construct, marking a significant turning point for European societies.
  • The European experience of rising to new heights in science, technology, economics, and politics contrasts with Asia's stagnation.
  • Asia's lost millennium emphasizes the need for introspection on the path taken by Asian societies.
  • Japan stands as an exception, having caught up with Europe.
  • Asia faces challenges in overcoming a thousand years of relative stagnation to reclaim its potential.
  • Key questions for Asians: How was the lost millennium lost? Will another millennium be squandered? Solutions are needed to achieve future success
  • Asia's potential for surpassing other societies is emphasized.

Principles for Success

  • Meritocracy is highlighted as a key principle for success, fostering new elites through capitalism and democracy.
  • The "creative destruction" aspect of capitalism is emphasized for fostering new talent.
  • Old elites obstruct progress; meritocracy prevents their entrenchment.
  • Globalisation and Western educational institutions help unearth Asian talent, creating a "brain drain."
  • Peace is essential for progress.
  • The West's prescription of immediate adaptation to Western democracies has failed to produce widespread success.
  • Asian societies' inherent differences regarding their path to development are recognized.
  • Western approaches to modernization were sometimes seen as imposing Western ideals.

Western Perceptions and Challenges

  • The West believes its understanding of the world is universal, but this limits its understanding of diverse perspectives.
  • Recent events like September 11th challenged Western self-assurance. The West underestimated the rise of Islamic influence.
  • The West's claim to ideological superiority is now questioned.
  • While Western ideas have helped Asia achieve significant economic growth, Asian countries are increasingly taking a more active role in global processes.
  • Asian passivity is evident in their cultural sphere; Asia's growing economic strength does not match their cultural influence.
  • Western frameworks like the UN, WTO, IMF, and World Bank are influential in Asia's development.
  • Economic growth should be followed by a cultural renaissance, combining Eastern and Western values, to fully integrate into the evolving global picture.
  • Future reflection on the reasons for Asian stagnation, like the Industrial Revolution's European origin, will be needed.

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Description

Explore the evolving views of Asian societies on development, shifting from Western-centric ideals to recognizing their unique cultural paths. This quiz examines the confidence in Asian civilization's potential and the resurgence of interest in cultural heritage against the backdrop of global economic changes.

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