Asexual Reproduction Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the process that produces gametes?

  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis (correct)
  • Fertilization
  • Binary fission

    • Which of the following is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

  • Increased genetic diversity
  • Requirement for two parents (correct)
  • Lower energy expenditure
  • Faster rate of reproduction
  • Increased chances of passing on beneficial traits

    • What is the term for the condition of having half the number of chromosomes in a normal body cell?

  • Triploid
  • Monoploid
  • Diploid
  • Haploid (correct)

    • In humans, what is the haploid number?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the male gamete in plants?

    <p>Pollen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the female gamete in animals?

    <p>Ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>The number of chromosomes stays the same in mitosis. In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Darwin's Finches support the theory of evolution by natural selection?

    <p>They show that finches on the Galapagos Islands have evolved to become increasingly diverse in their beak shape and size, depending on the food sources available on each island.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the nuclei of the pollen grain and the ovule fuse?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for producing pollen grains?

    <p>Anther</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of pollination?

    <p>Sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that receives the pollen grain during pollination?

    <p>Stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of fertilization in plants?

    <p>Seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pollen tube in plant reproduction?

    <p>To transport the sperm nucleus to the ovule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-pollination?

    <p>Pollen is transferred from one flower to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which structure does fertilization take place during plant reproduction?

    <p>Ovule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of heredity?

    <p>The passage of biological traits from parents to offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes traits?

    <p>Physical or behavioral characteristics determined by genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the formation of identical offspring without a mate?

    <p>Asexual Reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be considered a significant aspect of 'nature vs nurture'?

    <p>The influence of genetics on behavioral traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism primarily reproduces through binary fission?

    <p>Amoeba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of vegetative reproduction?

    <p>It allows plants to grow from parts like stems or roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In budding, what does the bud represent?

    <p>A smaller version of the parent organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism commonly reproduces through spores?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of asexual reproduction?

    <p>Large numbers of offspring produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

    <p>Offspring often compete for resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reproduction involves the union of male and female reproductive cells?

    <p>Sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of asexual reproduction?

    <p>Cross-pollination between flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'genetic variation' refer to in sexual reproduction?

    <p>Diverse traits leading to adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these organisms is capable of reproduction through fragmentation?

    <p>Planaria (flatworms)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the lack of parental care impact the offspring produced by asexual reproduction?

    <p>It allows for independent survival immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of mitosis?

    <p>Two identical diploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does crossing over occur in meiosis?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes fertilization in humans?

    <p>Sperm and egg combine to form a zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hardening of the egg's membrane post-fertilization?

    <p>To prevent multiple sperm from entering the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times does PMAT happen during meiosis?

    <p>Twice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the cells produced from meiosis compared to mitosis?

    <p>Meiosis produces four different haploid cells, mitosis produces two identical diploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the combination of a maternal and paternal chromosome?

    <p>Diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of sperm in fertilization?

    <p>Sperm must first break down the egg's membrane to fuse with it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary event that occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of meiosis is characterized by the alignment of homologous pairs in the center of the cell?

    <p>Metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during Anaphase I of meiosis?

    <p>Spindle fibers contract bringing homologous chromosomes to opposite poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process ensures that cells produced at the end of meiosis are haploid?

    <p>Reduction division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is specific to Metaphase II in meiosis?

    <p>Sister chromatids align in the center in single file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes Telophase I?

    <p>Nuclear membrane may reform and cytokinesis occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do spindle fibers play during meiosis?

    <p>They line up chromosomes and separate them during division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does crossing over primarily occur?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Asexual Reproduction

    • Asexual reproduction is the formation of identical offspring in the absence of a mate.
    • Nature is the genes inherited from parents; nurture is the environmental influences after birth.

    Types of Asexual Reproduction

    • Binary fission (or mitosis): The cell replicates its DNA, the cytoplasm elongates and divides, forming two daughter cells. This is common in one-celled organisms like bacteria, protists, and ameobas.

    • Budding: The parent produces a small bud, or a smaller version of itself (like yeast or hydra). The bud either detaches and becomes an independent organism, or remains attached forming a colony. Examples include coral and yeast.

    • Spores: One organism produces many spores, small units like seeds, that grow into new organisms. Examples include fungi and molds.

    • Fragmentation: A piece of an organism breaks off, the piece of the organism breaks off, grows into a new individual. This is seen in flatworms and starfish.

    • Vegetative Reproduction (propagation): This method involves parts of a plant, like cuttings, runners, grafting or tubers, growing into new plants. Examples include strawberries, potatoes, and aspen trees.

    Advantages of Asexual Reproduction

    • Large numbers of offspring
    • Little or no parental care required.
    • No energy required to find a mate

    Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

    • Offspring are clones, making them vulnerable to disease or harmful mutations affecting the whole group.
    • Extreme temperatures can wipe out entire colonies.
    • Offspring can compete for resources like food and space.

    Sexual Reproduction

    • Sexual reproduction is the combining of male and female reproductive cells (gametes) producing genetically varied offspring.

    Advantages of Sexual Reproduction

    • Genetic variation allows organisms to survive in changing environments.

    Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

    • Takes more time
    • Organisms can be exposed to harsh conditions (predators, disease) when finding a mate.
    • Fewer offspring
    • Offspring take longer to mature than in asexual reproduction.

    Fertilization

    • Fertilization occurs when male and female gametes combine and their nuclei fuse together to form one singular cell called a zygote.
    • In animals, the male gamete is sperm, the female is the egg.
    • In plants, the male gamete is pollen and the female is the ovule.

    Methods of Pollination in Plants

    • Wind pollination: pollen carried by wind to reach the stigma of the flower.
    • Water pollination: water carries the pollen to the stigma of the flower.
    • Animal pollination: animals, like insects, birds, and mammals, carry pollen from one flower to another

    Phases Of Seeds Forming

    • Pollination: pollen grains must transfer to the stigma
    • Germination: pollen tube grows towards the egg cell
    • Penetration: pollen tube travels down the style and reaches ovule
    • Fertilization: nuclei of pollen grain and ovule fuse to form a seed.

    Stages of Meiosis

    • Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
    • Meiosis has two divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II, each with four phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of asexual reproduction, including its definition and various types such as binary fission, budding, spores, and fragmentation. Understand how organisms reproduce without a mate and the significance of genetics and environment in their development.

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