Asexual Reproduction and Heredity Quiz
44 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

  • The offspring are genetically identical to the parent. (correct)
  • It can be used to quickly produce a large number of offspring.
  • It requires less energy than sexual reproduction.
  • It can lead to a greater diversity of offspring.

Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction?

  • A human sperm cell fertilizing an egg.
  • A bird laying eggs.
  • A flower producing seeds from pollination.
  • A starfish regenerating a lost arm. (correct)

Which of the following is a benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

  • Sexual reproduction leads to a greater diversity of offspring. (correct)
  • Sexual reproduction requires less energy than asexual reproduction.
  • Sexual reproduction creates more offspring in a shorter amount of time.
  • Sexual reproduction produces offspring genetically identical to the parent.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between asexual and sexual reproduction?

<p>Asexual reproduction is more common in organisms living in stable environments, while sexual reproduction is advantageous in changing environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods of reproduction is used by both plants and animals?

<p>Fragmentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of meiosis in humans?

<p>Production of gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of organisms that reproduce asexually?

<p>They can reproduce quickly in favorable conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occurs during telophase II of meiosis?

<p>Nuclear membrane reforms and cytokinesis occurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ploidy of a zygote?

<p>Diploid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding fertilization?

<p>The zygote is formed immediately after fertilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sperm tail?

<p>To provide energy for the sperm* (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to the formation of haploid gametes?

<p>Meiosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about crossing over?

<p>It occurs during prophase I of meiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

<p>Crossing over occurs during mitosis, while it does not occur during meiosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?

<p>Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of meiosis do homologous pairs line up in the middle of the cell?

<p>Metaphase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'reduction division' during telophase I?

<p>The chromosome number is halved. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key event during Anaphase I?

<p>Sister chromatids separate from each other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Telophase I?

<p>Nuclear membrane reforms around haploid cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage do centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell?

<p>Prophase I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Metaphase II, how are chromosomes arranged?

<p>In single file in the center of the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes crossing over in meiosis?

<p>Temporary exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial result of the combination of the nucleus of the egg and sperm?

<p>Zygote (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for the production of pollen in flowering plants?

<p>Anther (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process immediately follows pollination in seed formation?

<p>Fertilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the transfer of pollen between flowers of different plants of the same species?

<p>Cross-pollination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Fallopian tube’s role in fertilization?

<p>It is the site where egg and sperm meet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the stigma in a flower?

<p>To receive pollen grains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of plant pollination?

<p>Infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed immediately after the fertilization of the ovule?

<p>Seed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of producing gametes called?

<p>Meiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the female gamete in plants?

<p>Ovum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about Darwin's Finches?

<p>All finches on different islands had the same beak size and shape. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'haploid' mean?

<p>Half the genetic material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the male gamete in animals?

<p>Sperm cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many stages are there in meiosis?

<p>8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an organism that reproduces through binary fission?

<p>Bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of asexual reproduction?

<p>Fertilization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an organism that reproduces by budding?

<p>Hydra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a trait that can be influenced by both nature and nurture?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of genes in heredity?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the process by which gametes are produced?

<p>Meiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of genetic variation in offspring?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Heredity

The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring through genes.

Trait

A specific characteristic determined by genes, like eye color or hair type.

Gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that determines a specific trait.

Offspring

New individuals produced by one or more parents.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Asexual Reproduction

The formation of offspring without the involvement of a mate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Binary Fission

A type of asexual reproduction where a cell duplicates its DNA and divides into two identical daughter cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Budding

A type of asexual reproduction where a bud, or smaller version of the parent, grows on the parent and then detaches to form a new individual.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fragmentation

A type of asexual reproduction where a parent organism breaks into fragments or pieces, and each fragment develops into a new individual.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Runners

A type of asexual reproduction where specialized stems (runners) grow horizontally along the ground and develop roots and new plants at intervals. Example: Strawberries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Large Number of Offspring

An advantage of asexual reproduction where a single organism can produce many offspring quickly and efficiently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lack of Genetic Variation

A disadvantage of asexual reproduction where all offspring are genetically identical, making them vulnerable to disease or environmental changes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genetic Variation

An advantage of sexual reproduction where offspring inherit genes from both parents, leading to genetic variation and increased survival chances in changing environments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meiosis

The process of producing gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes, resulting in genetic variation in offspring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Haploid

A cell with only one set of chromosomes (half the normal number).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diploid

A cell with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sperm

The male gamete (sex cell) produced in the testes, carrying half the genetic information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ovum (egg)

The female gamete (sex cell) produced in the ovaries, carrying half the genetic information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

The process where variations in traits (due to mutations or sexual reproduction) lead to changes in a population, favoring beneficial traits and possibly forming new species.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pollen

The male gamete produced in the anther of flowers, carrying half the genetic information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ovule

The female gamete produced in the ovule of flowers, carrying half the genetic information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prophase I

The first stage of meiosis, where chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane dissolves, and homologous chromosomes pair up to exchange genetic material through crossing over.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metaphase I

The stage in meiosis where homologous chromosome pairs line up at the center of the cell (equator).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anaphase I

The stage in meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Telophase I

The final stage of meiosis I, where chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, the nuclear membrane may reform, and the cell divides into two daughter cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reduction Division

The first cell division in meiosis, where homologous chromosomes separate, resulting in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prophase II

The first stage of meiosis II, similar to prophase I but without crossing over.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metaphase II

The stage in meiosis II where chromosomes line up individually at the center of the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anaphase II

The stage in meiosis II where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Crossing Over

The stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material, resulting in genetic variation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fertilization

The fusion of a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg) to form a zygote.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Zygote

The cell that results from the fusion of a sperm cell and an egg cell. It is a diploid cell with a full set of chromosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Egg Cell (Ovum)

The female gamete, containing half the number of chromosomes compared to a regular cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sperm Cell

The male gamete, containing half the number of chromosomes compared to a regular cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cleavage

Early stages of cell division in an embryo, resulting in a ball of cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Blastocyst

The hollow sphere of cells formed during early embryo development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pollination

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self-pollination

When pollen from the anther of the same flower or plant reaches the stigma.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cross-pollination

When pollen from the anther of a different plant of the same species reaches the stigma.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pollen Tube

The tube that grows from a pollen grain down the style, towards the ovule.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Asexual Reproduction

  • Asexual reproduction is the formation of identical offspring in the absence of a mate.
  • Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually include Bacteria, Protists, Amoebas, hydra, yeast, coral, flatworms, pothos, and strawberry plants.
  • There are different types of asexual reproduction, such as binary fission (or mitosis), budding, fragmentation, and vegetative propagation.

Heredity and Genes

  • Heredity is the passage of biological traits from parents to offspring through the inheritance of genes.
  • Traits are genetically determined characteristics.
  • Genes are segments of DNA occupying a specific place on a chromosome.
  • DNA is the basic unit of heredity.
  • Offspring are new living things that come from one or more parents, also called children.

Nature vs. Nurture

  • Nature refers to the traits inherited from parents' genes present at birth.
  • Nurture refers to the effects of the environment on an organism's development.
  • Both nature and nurture contribute to who an individual becomes.

Sexual Reproduction

  • Sexual reproduction involves the union of male and female reproductive cells (gametes).
  • Gametes are sex cells with half the number of chromosomes as a normal body cell; they are haploid.
  • Offspring produced through sexual reproduction are genetically varied.
  • Fertilization is the process where male and female gametes combine to form a zygote (diploid cell).

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction

  • Large numbers of offspring are produced.
  • No energy is needed to find a mate.
  • Little or no parental care is required.
  • Only one organism is needed for reproduction.

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

  • Offspring are clones, which makes them susceptible to the same diseases or harmful mutations.
  • Extreme temperatures can wipe out entire colonies.
  • Offspring compete for resources.

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction

  • Genetic variation allows organisms to survive in changing environments.

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

  • Takes more time (finding a mate, fusion of gametes)
  • Exposure to conditions (disease, predators, etc.) when finding a mate
  • Fewer offspring
  • Offspring take longer to mature.
  • Offspring may need to be raised.

Meiosis

  • Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four haploid daughter cells from one diploid cell.
  • Meiosis involves two divisions, meiosis I, and II.

Meiosis I Stages

  • Prophase I: The nuclear membrane disappears; chromosomes condense; centrioles move to opposite poles; homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs.
  • Metaphase I: Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes; homologous pairs line up in the middle of the cell (along the metaphase plate).
  • Anaphase I: Spindle fibers contract, bringing homologous chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell.
  • Telophase I and Cytokinesis: Spindle fibers break up; nuclear membrane may reform; cytokinesis makes two cells, each with a unique chromosomal composition.

Meiosis II Stages

  • Prophase II: Chromosomes condense if they have relaxed; centrioles move to opposite poles; nuclear membrane (if reformed) breaks down.
  • Metaphase II: Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes; chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (along the metaphase plate).
  • Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
  • Telophase II and Cytokinesis: Spindle fibers break down; nuclear membrane forms; cytokinesis makes four haploid cells.

Fertilization

  • Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg/ovum).
  • This combination produces a zygote, a diploid cell.
  • In animals, this occurs in the fallopian tube.

Types of Pollination

  • Self-pollination is when pollen arrives on the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant.
  • Cross-pollination is when pollen lands on the stigma of another flower on a different plant of the same species.
  • Different methods of pollination exist like wind, water, insects, and animals (hummingbirds, dogs, deer).

How Plants Form Seeds

  • Seven steps to form seeds
    1. Pollination: Pollen grains transfer to the stigma.
    2. Germination: Pollen tube grows towards the egg.
    3. Penetration: Pollen tube makes it to the ovule.
    4. Fertilization: Nuclei of the pollen grain and ovule fuse.
    5. Development: Fertilized ovule becomes a seed.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Heredity Test Review Solution Set PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of asexual reproduction, heredity, and the nature vs. nurture debate. This quiz examines various types of asexual reproduction, the concept of heredity, and how genes influence traits. Explore how genetic inheritance shapes living organisms in this insightful challenge.

More Like This

Asexual Reproduction Benefits in Plants
6 questions

Asexual Reproduction Benefits in Plants

EvaluativeQuantum avatar
EvaluativeQuantum
Asexual Reproduction Overview
22 questions

Asexual Reproduction Overview

ProfoundSodium4108 avatar
ProfoundSodium4108
Heredity: Variation in Reproduction
185 questions

Heredity: Variation in Reproduction

JudiciousTroll avatar
JudiciousTroll
Reproduction and Heredity
33 questions

Reproduction and Heredity

HeartfeltPrologue4437 avatar
HeartfeltPrologue4437
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser