أساسيات المصطلحات الطبية

Word Root

• Word root is the main part of a medical term.
• It usually has a Greek or Latin origin.
• Examples:
  • lith- (G., stone) - lithiasis
  • psych- (G., mind) - psychology
  • caud- (L., tail) - caudal
  • or- (L., mouth) - oral

Combining Vowel

• A combining vowel (often "o") is inserted between word roots to make the word easier to pronounce.
• The most frequent combining vowel is "o".
• Examples:
  • Cardio- (heart)
  • Gastro- (stomach)
  • Osteo- (bone)

Prefixes and Suffixes

• Word roots are often accompanied by prefixes or suffixes (or both).
• A prefix comes before the word root.
• If a prefix is written alone, it's usually followed by a hyphen.
• Example:
  • A-febrile (without fever)
• A prefix like "anti-" indicates that another word part follows it to form a complete word. Example:
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • A-pathy (without emotions)

Suffixes

• A suffix is added to the end of a word root to change or modify its meaning.
• Suffixes are preceded by a hyphen when used alone.
• Example,
  • -cyte (cell) - erythrocYTE (red blood cell)
  • Some words are composed of only a prefix and a suffix. dyspnea (difficulty breathing)

Combining Vowel Dropping

• If a suffix begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), the combining vowel is usually dropped.
• Example:
  • hepat/o + itis = hepatitis
• Most prefixes end in a vowel, and can be added to other word parts without change.
  • Examples : precancerous, preoperative, antibiotic

Eponyms

• Eponyms are names of diseases, organs, procedures, or body functions derived from the name of a person.
• Examples:
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Alzheimer's disease
  • Cesarean section (named after Julius Caesar)

Abbreviations and Pharmacology

• Abbreviations are shortened forms of written words or phrases, used in place of the whole for shortness.
• Examples:
  • MD (Doctor of medicine)
  • SOB (shortness of breath)
• (Latin) statim, meaning "at once" or "immediately".
• Acronyms are pronounceable names made up of a series of letters. For example, CABG (pronounced like the word vegetable).

Plurals

• In medical terms, plurals are often formed by adding an "s" to the singular form.
• Examples:
  • Abrasion - Abrasions
  • Sinus - Sinuses
• If the singular noun ends in y and there's a consonant preceding it, then you'd change the y to i and add -es
• Example
  • Allergy - Allergies

يغطي هذا الاختبار أساسيات المصطلحات الطبية، بما في ذلك جذور الكلمات، الأحرف المدمجة، والبادئات واللاحقات. يتم توضيح المفاهيم من خلال أمثلة عملية لمساعدة المتعلمين على فهم كيفية تركيب الكلمات الطبية بشكل صحيح.