Artificial Kidney Manufacturing and Coatings Quiz

Forces and Principles in Dialysis

• Osmotic pressure drives the excretion of waste products and toxins in dialysis.
• The principle of convective filtering allows for a fluid loss on the blood side in dialysis.

Hemodiafiltration

• The maximum transmembrane pressure (TMP) in hemodiafiltration is 500 mmHg.
• 30-60 liters of dialysate are used per treatment in hemodiafiltration.

Peritoneal Dialysis

• Dialysate is infused into the abdomen to excrete water from the patient.
• A potential advantage of peritoneal dialysis compared to other forms of dialysis is that it allows for more flexibility in daily life.
• Protein loss must be compensated for by a special diet in peritoneal dialysis because the peritoneal membrane is permeable to proteins.

Dialysis Components

• The main purpose of a membrane dialyzer is to filter waste products from the blood.
• The primary function of the pump in dialysis is to create a pressure gradient to drive blood flow.
• The role of cannulation in dialysis is to connect the patient to the dialysis machine.
• The purpose of an adsorber in hemoperfusion is to remove toxins from the blood.

Dialyzer Design

• A key design requirement for the membrane of an artificial kidney dialyzer is high permeability and selectivity.
• The purpose of the hollow fiber structure in the design of an artificial kidney dialyzer is to provide a high surface area for diffusion.

Complications and Risks

• Peritoneal dialysis carries a risk of peritonitis because the peritoneal membrane is permeable to bacteria.
• Heparin is commonly given by infusion instead of being used as a coating for blood contact surfaces because it is more effective at preventing blood clotting.

Vascular Access

• The primary problem associated with using arteries for vascular access in hemodialysis is that they are prone to stenosis.
• A surgical procedure called arteriovenous fistula connects the artery to the vein to create a solution for sufficient blood flow during hemodialysis.
• Veins are considered more suitable than arteries for vascular access in hemodialysis because they are more durable and less prone to stenosis.

Pumps and Monitoring

• The principle of a roller pump used in dialysis is to create a rotating occlusion on a tube.
• The syringe pump is commonly used for anticoagulation in dialysis.
• The arterial pressure in a dialysis machine monitors the patient's blood pressure.
• The venous clamp in a dialysis setup prevents backflow of blood.
• The rotary pump induces rotating occlusion on a tube and is prone to some hemolysis.
• The main function of the degassing pump in a dialysis setup is to remove air bubbles from the dialysate.
• The primary purpose of the arterial and venous temperature monitoring in a dialysis machine is to prevent blood cooling.
• The roller pump is commonly used as a blood pump in dialysis.
• The primary function of the syringe pump in a dialysis setup is to deliver anticoagulants.
• The bubble detector in a dialysis machine detects air bubbles in the blood.