Artificial Intelligence Overview Quiz
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Which of the following traits is NOT considered part of intelligence based on the provided information?

  • Memory Retrieval (correct)
  • Learning from experience
  • Problem Solving
  • Logical Reasoning

    • What is one of the applications of Artificial Intelligence mentioned?

  • Physical Strength
  • Emotional Intelligence
  • Memory Usage
  • Visual Perception (correct)

    • According to the definition provided, what is the focus of Artificial Intelligence?

  • Developing computer systems to perform tasks requiring human intelligence (correct)
  • Enhancing human capabilities
  • Programming conventional algorithms
  • Creating human-like robots

    • What characteristic does the Turing Test primarily assess?

    <p>A computer's ability to mimic human conversation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a trait of intelligence listed in the provided content?

    <p>Robotic Integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of problems are intelligent agents specifically employed to solve?

    <p>Problems that are too complex for conventional algorithms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the capabilities attributed to intelligent agents as per the traits of intelligence?

    <p>Manage lack of observability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tasks is indicated as an area where AI can effectively compete?

    <p>Tasks involving reward against adversaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Narrow AI from Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?

    <p>Narrow AI specializes in a specific domain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of General AI?

    <p>Control of vehicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application area for AI is focused on quality control and fault detection?

    <p>Industrial Automation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary aim of AI in health applications?

    <p>To assist in genomic diagnostics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does AI play in domestic robots?

    <p>Providing companionship and assistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a research area within AI?

    <p>Socialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application of AI is primarily concerned with optimizing resource usage?

    <p>Intelligent Control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common capability of Narrow AI?

    <p>Problem solving in a specific domain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of environment does an autonomous car control agent operate in with its limited sensory information?

    <p>Partially Observable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic defines a deterministic action?

    <p>It always results in the same outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is the action likely to be classified as stochastic?

    <p>Throwing a dice in backgammon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of a discrete environment?

    <p>Finite number of action choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT relevant to an agent's rationality?

    <p>The future actions of competing agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What memory strategy can help agents make better decisions under partial observability?

    <p>Maintaining historical information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would a chess playing agent be categorized in terms of observability?

    <p>Fully Observable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following environments is considered continuous?

    <p>A temperature control system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application of AI is primarily focused on gaming interactions?

    <p>Simulated Adversaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agent plans ahead into the future?

    <p>Goal-Based Agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an adversarial environment, which factor is crucial for an agent's performance?

    <p>Predicting the opponent's actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the role of sensors in an intelligent agent?

    <p>Sensors perceive the environment by collecting data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an application of AI mentioned?

    <p>Personal Shopping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a Model-Based Reflex Agent from a Simple Reflex Agent?

    <p>Maintaining an internal state based on history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Percept Sequence in intelligent agents refers to what?

    <p>The complete history of all sensor data received.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a Simple Reflex Agent?

    <p>Acts without considering past percepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best illustrates an intelligent agent in hostile environments?

    <p>A robot exploring underwater for oceanic research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario describes a benign environment for an agent?

    <p>An agent trying to predict the weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge is mentioned regarding the Percept Sequence?

    <p>Maintaining a complete history is not always feasible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a Goal-Based Agent determine its actions?

    <p>Through planning relative to its future goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of an intelligent agent?

    <p>It directs its activity towards achieving goals using sensors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of an adversarial scenario for agents?

    <p>Involves competition against other agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of AI in combat scenarios?

    <p>Simulated Adversaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Model-Based Reflex Agent primarily rely on?

    <p>A comprehensive model of the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a utility-based agent?

    <p>To evaluate and select actions that maximize some utility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the critic play in a learning agent?

    <p>To provide feedback on performance to improve learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of uncertainty in artificial intelligence?

    <p>Optimal deterministic actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a learning agent improve its performance?

    <p>By exploring new knowledge and receiving feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the environment for a utility-based agent?

    <p>It may include stochastic outcomes from actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical capability of a learning agent?

    <p>To modify its actions based on learned knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a problem generator do in a learning agent system?

    <p>It creates new scenarios for the agent to learn from.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might an environment be considered partially observable?

    <p>Some aspects of the environment are hidden from the agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to AI/Intelligent Agents

    • The presentation is about Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Intelligent Agents.
    • The course is ICS1017 / ICS1020, Foundations of Artificial Intelligence.
    • The instructor is Dr. Josef Bajada from the Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Malta.

    Agenda

    • The presentation will cover:
      • Definition of Artificial Intelligence
      • Applications of AI
      • Intelligent Agents
      • Types of AI Problems

    What is Intelligence?

    • Intelligence encompasses various cognitive abilities:
      • Logical Reasoning
      • Inference of Missing Information
      • Understanding and Abstraction
      • Problem Solving
      • Learning from Experience
      • Decision Making
      • Planning
      • Creativity
      • Consciousness and Self-awareness
    • There is no single definition of intelligence.

    Traits of Intelligence in Humans and Animals

    • Intelligence in humans and animals involves:
      • Processing ambiguous and noisy information
      • Managing lack of observability
      • Handling uncertainty
      • Solving complex problems beyond conventional algorithms
      • Assimilating new knowledge
      • Adapting to dynamic environments
      • Competing for reward against adversaries

    What is Artificial Intelligence?

    • AI is the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks usually requiring human intelligence.
    • Examples include: visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
    • The Oxford Dictionary defines AI in this way.

    A 1950s View: The Turing Test

    • The Turing Test aims to determine if a computer program can exhibit human-like intelligence in communication.
    • The test involves a human evaluator interacting with both a human and a computer program without knowing which is which
    • A passing computer program would be able to fool the evaluator and convince them that a conversation is indeed with another human

    Narrow vs General AI

    • Narrow AI is specialized in a specific domain.

    • Most current AI advancements are in this area.

    • Examples include:

      • Solving a puzzle
      • Playing chess or Go
      • Speech recognition
      • Object identification in images
      • Face recognition
      • Correlating symptoms
      • Controlling vehicles

    • General AI (AGI) has broad application to different problems

    • AGI would include the ability to:

      • Assimilate different concepts
      • Experience sentience
      • Feel and perceive and experience
      • Possess consciousness
      • Be aware of their own body and surroundings
      • Be aware of their own consciousness

    Main AI Research Areas

    • The subject areas currently researched in AI include:
      • Reasoning
      • Learning
      • Problem Solving
      • Perception

    Applications of AI: Robotics

    • AI is used in various robotic applications like:
      • Industrial Robotics (assembly lines, packaging, warehouse management)
      • Autonomous Systems (self-driving cars, drones, space rovers)
      • Domestic Robots (cleaning robots, customer service assistants)

    Applications of AI: Industrial Automation

    • AI assists in industrial control systems, including:
      • Power Plants and Smart Grids
      • Manufacturing
      • High-Risk Operations
      • Defect Detection and Prevention
      • Quality Control
      • Problem Diagnosis
      • Human Error Removal
      • Safety and Security (disaster prevention, detecting danger)
      • Optimizations (Resource usage, supply chain management, just-in-time systems)

    Applications of AI: Health

    • AI applications are expanding in healthcare:
      • Interpretation of medical data (X-ray, MRI, CT scans)
      • Analyzing medical wave patterns (EEG, ECG)
      • Genetic diagnostics
      • Designing drugs
      • Operating Theatre Robotics
      • Community data analysis
      • Outbreaks of epidemics and Pandemics
      • Societal tendencies (e.g. obesity, diabetes)
      • Treatment efficacy

    Applications of AI: Games

    • AI enhances various games, such as:
      • Simulated Adversaries (board games, strategy games, combat)
      • Non-Player Characters (interaction with players, dialogue)
      • Virtual Reality / Augmented Reality

    Applications of AI: Others

    • AI has applications in different areas:
      • Personal Assistance
      • Education
      • Military/search and rescue
      • Hostile Environments (space, underwater, volcanoes, mining)
      • Economics and finance
      • Transportation
      • Astronomy
      • Weather Forecasting & Climate Monitoring
      • Agriculture

    Intelligent Agents

    • An intelligent agent is an autonomous entity that acts to achieve goals in its environment through observation with sensors and actuators.

    Perception-Action Cycle

    • The cycle represents the core process of an intelligent agent:
      • The agent senses its environment through sensors.
      • Performs an action based on its sensors' findings and its function.
      • Results in a new perception of the environment

    Percept Sequence

    • The complete history of all data received from sensors is the percept sequence.
    • This is important because an agent will learn and adapt as it gathers experience from its environment through the percept sequence and resulting actions.

    Rational Agents

    • Rationality relates to accomplishing success criterion.
    • It depends on: the prior knowledge of the environment, what actions are possible, and the percept sequence leading up to the moment of decision.

    Observability

    • Observability refers to whether an agent has complete or partial access to the environment.
      • Examples:
        • A chess-playing agent has complete observability.
        • A poker-playing agent has partial observability (only knows its own hand).
        • Autonomous vehicle has partial observability (can only see a section of the road).

    Stochasticity

    • Stochasticity describes whether outcomes of actions are predictable.
      • An agent's action is:
        • Deterministic if applying an action always leads to the same outcome.
        • Stochastic if applying an action can lead to different outcomes. 

    Discrete vs Continuous

    • Discrete environments have a limited number of states and actions. 
    • Examples: chess, playing tennis
    • Continuous environments involve infinite possible states and actions. Examples: driving a car

    Adversarial

    • A partially observable environment where two or more agents (e.g., humans, computer programs) compete for the same objective.
    • Examples: chess, poker

    Simple Reflex Agent

    • The simplest type of agent which only considers the current percept in making its next action.

    Model-Based Reflex Agent

    • This agent takes into account prior sensor data history to predict the future environment.

    Goal-Based Agent

    • This agent considers long term goals to act on its immediate environment.

    Utility-Based Agent

    • This agent considers how best actions lead to possible outcomes for their future state by anticipating utility. This takes into account conflicting goals and stochastic outcomes.

    Learning Agent

    • Learning agents improve their performance over time through feedback mechanisms, learning from previous experiences.

    AI to Manage Uncertainty

    • AI addresses uncertainty using computer techniques, where uncertainty arises in various forms:
      • Complex environments (too many scenarios to explore)
      • Partially observable environments
      • Stochastic outcomes (uncertain results of some actions)
      • Adversarial environments (multi-agents competing)
      • Inaccuracies in sensors
      • Dynamic environments (the environment evolves)

    Further Reading

    • Resources for further research include:
      • Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig, "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach", Pearson, 2016 (Chapters 1 & 2)
      • David L. Poole and Alan K. Mackworth, "Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents", Cambridge University Press, 2017 (Chapters 1 & 2)

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    Introduction to AI/Intelligent Agents Lecture 1 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on artificial intelligence concepts and applications. This quiz covers definitions, characteristics of intelligence, and the distinctions between Narrow AI and General AI. See how well you understand the role of AI in various fields including health and robotics.

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