Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Week 13

Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Week 13

• AI is a branch of computer science aiming to create machines with human-like behaviours.
• AI has existed in concept since ancient times.
• Real-world applications of AI, such as smart machines, advanced recently.
• AI now includes systems simulating human thought and abilities like speech understanding and chess playing.
• The Turing Test is a test of a computer's ability to exhibit human-like intelligence.

Learning Objectives

• Understand and appreciate the role of AI.
• Understand AI terminology.
• Compare AI with human intelligence and traditional information processing, and discuss its strengths and limitations.

AI History

• Turing's Test: Examines if a computer exhibits human-like intelligence.
• Turing's Test determines if a computer can fool an evaluator into thinking it is human in conversation.
• Key concept: a computer passes if the evaluator cannot differentiate if human or computer.

Application of AI

• Game Playing: Programming computer to play chess, checkers and other games. Deep Blue was a computer chess player that beat a world champion.
• Speech Recognition: Technology where computers recognize human speech. Originally this was intended to replace keyboards but keyboards still are better for more demanding tasks.
• Natural Language Processing (NLP): Allows computers to understand natural human language, which enables human-like conversation.
• Computer Vision: Enables computers to "see" and understand images.
  • Image Recognition: Identifying objects, people, and scenes in images.
  • Video Analysis: Understanding and interpreting video footage.
  • Augmented Reality: Overlaying digital information on the physical world.
  • Medical Imaging: Analyzing medical scans to aid diagnosis.

Autonomous Systems

• Perception: Enabling autonomous systems to sense and interpret their environment.
• Decision-Making: Developing AI algorithms for real-time decision-making in complex environments.
• Control: Precisely operating vehicles, robots, and other automated machinery.

Ethical Considerations

• Bias and Fairness: Addressing potential biases in AI systems to ensure equitable decision-making.
• Privacy and Security: Safeguarding personal data and implementing robust security measures.
• Transparency and Accountability: Developing AI systems with clear decision-making processes and oversight mechanisms.
• Human-AI Interaction: Ensuring AI technologies enhance, not replace, human capabilities.

AI and the Future of Work

• Automation and Augmentation: AI-powered automation to enhance human productivity.
• Workforce Transformation: Reskilling and upskilling required to adapt to changing job requirements.
• New Job Creation: Emergence of novel job roles and industries centered around AI capabilities.

Data Privacy and Security in the Age of AI

• Data Collection: Ensuring transparency and obtaining informed consent for data collection.
• Data Storage: Robust security measures to protect sensitive data.
• Data Usage: Ethical and responsible use of AI-powered data analysis.

The Road Ahead

• Continuous Innovation: Breakthroughs in AI will continue.
• Persisting Challenges: Issues like bias, privacy, and ethics need on-going attention.
• Collaborative Approach: Interdisciplinary collaboration between technologists, policymakers, and ethicists is vital.

Machine Learning: Powering AI Applications

• Data Acquisition: Collect and prepare vast datasets for model training.
• Model Training: Applying algorithms for learning and experience improvement.
• Deployment: Integrate models into real-world applications to solve complex problems.

Natural Language Processing: Improving Human-AI Interaction

• Language Understanding: Enable AI systems to comprehend and interpret human language context and nuance.
• Conversational Abilities: Develop AI chatbots and virtual assistants for natural dialogue.
• Multilingual Capabilities: Develop NLP techniques to support diverse languages and cultural contexts.
• Personalized Interactions: Tailor AI responses to individual needs and preferences.