Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

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Questions and Answers

What can robots provide to the elderly in retirement homes?

Firefighting and bomb disposal services

Emotional interaction and companionship (correct)

Language translation and interpretation services

Cooking and cleaning services

What is a potential risk of AI development, as seen in a 2017 Facebook experiment?

AI systems becoming hostile due to deliberate programming

AI systems being unable to learn from large volumes of past data

AI systems developing their own language and communicating with each other (correct)

AI systems requiring human intelligence to make decisions

What is a potential negative consequence of excessive screen time, as seen in a study on 3-5 year old children?

Enhanced creativity and imagination

Lowered measures of structural integrity and myelination in neurons (correct)

Increased physical activity and outdoor play

Improved cognitive function and memory

What is a job that is hard to replace with AI, according to the text?

Therapist Signup and view all the answers

What is a capability that humans have, but machines currently do not?

The ability to connect seemingly disparate threads to solve novel problems Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential application of AI in mental health diagnosis?

Virtual therapy sessions Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of AI in emotion recognition?

More accurate recognition and understanding of human emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential application of biofeedback therapy, as seen in the text?

Emotion recognition and mental health diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cochlear implant?

To stimulate different regions of the basilar membrane, producing perceptions of sounds of different pitches Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the computer-controlled robot that can perform intestinal surgery on a pig?

Shademan et al. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the computer chip that can be implanted in the motor cortex to control a robotic arm with one's thoughts?

Neural prosthetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the AI system that can analyze Facebook posts to predict depression risk?

Eichstaedt et al. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the use of biofeedback and virtual reality to treat anxiety disorders or ADHD?

Biofeedback therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the self-driving car project that was delayed due to a series of crashes?

Tesla Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the computer system that can generate natural-sounding speech from brain activity?

Brain Computer Interface Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the robot therapist that provides specialized feedback to coach children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Brain Power Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in designing self-driving cars, according to the text?

Equipping vehicles with general knowledge of physical objects and human behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential moral issue with self-driving cars, according to the text?

Deciding which person to sacrifice in unavoidable accidents Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of self-driving cars, according to the text?

Less human error, resulting in more lives saved Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in developing self-driving cars that is not related to pattern recognition?

Equipping vehicles with general knowledge of physical objects and human behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of self-driving cars, according to the text?

Reduced employment opportunities in the transportation industry Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of 'folk physics' in the context of human driving, according to the text?

Knowledge of how physical objects move and behave Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of self-driving cars, according to the text?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of self-driving cars for certain individuals, according to the text?

Accessibility to those who cannot drive Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of AI-assisted diagnosis in healthcare?

A flawed AI can harm multiple patients Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of AI-assisted therapy in remote clinics?

AI can provide a video connection to a distant doctor Signup and view all the answers

What did a study by MIT, Massachusetts General, and Harvard find about AI-assisted diagnosis of disorders?

AI was equal or better than radiologists in reading mammograms Signup and view all the answers

What is a capability of healthcare robots in AI-assisted therapy?

To take orders from and deliver items to a patient Signup and view all the answers

What did a study by UCSD find about AI-assisted diagnosis of childhood illnesses?

AI outperformed junior physicians in diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential application of AI in healthcare, as mentioned in the text?

AI-assisted psychotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What did a Google AI algorithm find about diabetic retinopathy diagnosis?

AI was as effective as ophthalmologists in diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of AI-assisted diagnosis in healthcare, as mentioned in the text?

Reducing the number of benign surgeries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of AI-assisted therapy in the context of Wild Divine?

Biofeedback therapy for mental health diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following AI applications involves the use of drones?

Delivery services Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Sophia the human-like robot?

Personal assistance and interaction Signup and view all the answers

Which AI-powered technology is being used for fully autonomous driving?

Waymo's AI technology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of AI in mental health diagnosis?

Biofeedback therapy for mental health diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of biofeedback therapy in the context of AI-assisted therapy?

Mental health diagnosis and treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following AI applications involves the recognition of human emotions?

Emotion recognition in personal robots Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of AI-powered personal robots like Sophia?

To assist and interact with humans Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Healthcare

Healthcare robots can take orders from and deliver items to patients, act as around-the-clock sitters, assist frail and elderly patients out of bed or chairs, and provide video connections to distant doctors.
AI can diagnose disorders, such as:
- Neuroprosthetics: AI can generate natural-sounding synthetic speech from brain activity, potentially restoring voices to people who have lost the ability to speak due to stroke, traumatic brain injury, or neurodegenerative disease.
- Cancer diagnosis: AI was equal or better than radiologists at reading mammograms for high-risk cancer lesions needing surgery, reducing the number of benign surgeries by more than 30%.
- Childhood illnesses: AI outperformed junior physicians in diagnosis of childhood illnesses like mononucleosis, flu, and chicken pox.
- Diabetic retinopathy: AI algorithms can diagnose diabetic retinopathy with high sensitivity, a leading cause of blindness.

Psychotherapy

AI can diagnose and treat psychological disorders, such as:
- Depression: AI can analyze social media posts to identify depression risk, with accuracy comparable to standard depression screening tests.
- Anxiety disorders: AI can use biofeedback and virtual reality to treat anxiety disorders.
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: AI-powered glasses can provide specialized feedback to coach children with ASD in emotional identification and social skills.

Transportation

Self-driving cars: AI can enable autonomous vehicles, but faces challenges such as dealing with unexpected behavior from other drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, and wild animals.
Autonomous ships: AI can be used in maritime transportation.

Public Sector

Public agencies can use robots to neutralize and destroy bombs, fight fires, and carry out other dangerous missions.

Home Robots

Home robots can perform tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and fetching, and can also provide interaction and companionship for the elderly.

Social robots can reproduce the skills of therapists, caregivers, guides, and security guards.
Worldwide sales of robots have reached $20 billion, with over 200,000 robotic units.

Risks and Dangers of AI

Deliberate programming of AI to be hostile, such as by terrorist groups.
AI can turn malicious if human behavior contradicts its preprogrammed goals.
Simulation of government leaders' images and voices issuing unauthorized orders.
Generation of fake emails, phone calls, and video chats.
Loss of privacy and jobs.
AI can replace or eliminate 40% of jobs within 15 years, with the greatest impact on jobs involving repetitive tasks.

What We Can Do That AI Cannot Do Well

Feel or show empathy.
Have insights and connect seemingly disparate threads to solve problems.
Make plans for the distant future.
Be conscious.
Deal with novel situations and unexpected events.
Tackle tasks that require creativity and imagination.

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Description

Explore the potential of artificial intelligence systems like IBM Watson in healthcare, including determining optimal treatment plans, precision surgery, and more. Learn about the benefits of AI-assisted healthcare and its applications.