Artificial Intelligence DLBDSEAIS01 Course Book
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Questions and Answers

What was the significance of the 13 registers in the early computing machine?

  • Represented the number of mechanical components
  • Demonstrated the ability of a black box to accept inputs and produce outputs (correct)
  • Indicated the total memory capacity
  • Signified Descartes' favorite number

According to Descartes, what is the foundation for AI objectives?

  • Storing objectives in memory
  • Deriving objectives from logic gates
  • Relying on mechanical components
  • Formulating objectives using equations (correct)

Who associated rationalism and materialism as two sides of the same coin?

  • Hume
  • Hobbes
  • Bracken
  • Descartes (correct)

What similarity did Thomas Hobbes draw between human reasoning and machine computations?

<p>Employing operations similar to calculus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is graphically represented by a learning curve?

<p>Ratio between learning outcome and time required (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher emphasized the importance of progress in computing as a necessary precondition for AI development?

<p>Descartes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?

<p>AGI seeks to encompass all human cognitive abilities, while ANI is limited to single tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one aspect that is commonly associated with AGI according to the text?

<p>Domain-independent generalization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a goal of AGI in the text?

<p>Developing algorithms for specific problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ANI from AGI in terms of problem-solving capabilities?

<p>ANI is trained for a limited number of problems, while AGI aims for universal problem-solving. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional attribute might some philosophical sources require from AGI beyond cognitive abilities?

<p>Motivation and volition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the level of problem-solving complexity between ANI and AGI?

<p>AGI surpasses ANI in complexity by being able to generalize knowledge across different domains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using modern technologies to segment customer behavior on a street-by-street basis?

<p>To fine-tune operations and decide on store closures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the development set in the context of evaluating AI systems?

<p>To evaluate and optimize the model developed using the training set (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial requirement when evaluating AI systems?

<p>All data sets must be independent from each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the training data set in the context of AI systems?

<p>To fit the parameters of an algorithm during the training process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is a key factor in the recent improvement of AI systems?

<p>Improvements in natural language processing technologies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between ANI and AGI?

<p>ANI is limited to a specific domain, while AGI can transfer knowledge across domains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the use cases for AI mentioned in the text?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the labyrinth example, what are the four actions a person can perform?

<p>Move up, down, left, or right (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key challenge the person faces in the labyrinth example?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some severe shortcomings of perceptrons as a popular model of neural-inspired AI in the early systems?

<p>Could not represent simple logical functions such as XOR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major event contributed to the start of the second AI winter around 1987?

<p>Collapse of the Lisp machine business.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was it not possible to develop early successful examples of expert systems beyond a certain point?

<p>The growth of fact databases became unmanageable and results were unreliable with unknown inputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the key reasons for the limitations in developing early successful expert systems?

<p>Unmanageable growth of fact databases and unreliable results with unknown inputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Greek philosopher's early thoughts date back to artificial intelligence?

<p>Aristotle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cycle that has caused ups and downs in AI research over the past decades?

<p>Gartner hype cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase has not been reached by any AI topics yet?

<p>Plateau of productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) from artificial general intelligence (AGI) in terms of problem-solving capabilities?

<p>ANI is weak AI, while AGI is strong AI</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) and artificial general intelligence (AGI)?

<p>ANI focuses on specific tasks, while AGI aims for general intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the use of AI capabilities like machine learning in at least one business function?

<p>AI adoption</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to McKinsey & Company (2021), what are the main fields of AI adoption?

<p>High Tech/Telecom, Automotive and Assembly, Financial Services, Business, Legal and Professional Services, Healthcare/ Pharma and Consumer Goods/Retail</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one application area of AI mentioned for High Tech and Telecommunication industries?

<p>Optimizing and automating networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key benefit of using AI in predictive maintenance for networks?

<p>Fixing network issues before they occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can self-optimizing networks accurately predict, according to the text?

<p>Network anomalies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor driving the rapid growth of AI in telecommunication?

<p>Constant increase of global network traffic and network equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of learning by reward called?

<p>Reinforcement learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many techniques are there to train a specific learning model in machine learning?

<p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application area for supervised learning?

<p>Regression and classification problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical requirement for supervised learning algorithms?

<p>Pre-labeled training data</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three techniques to train a learning model in machine learning?

<p>Supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key challenge faced by a person in the labyrinth example?

<p>Avoiding stepping on dangerous fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of algorithms can help optimize the learning experience in reinforcement learning?

<p>Q-learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main ideas that will be covered in this unit regarding reinforcement learning?

<p>Basic ideas and underlying principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Early computing registers

13 registers were crucial for processing and storing data in early computers.

Descartes AI foundation

Descartes believed understanding the human mind is key to AI.

Spinoza's rationalism/materialism

Spinoza saw rationalism and materialism as related aspects.

Hobbes' human reasoning/machines

Hobbes compared human reasoning to machine computations.

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ANI vs. AGI

ANI can do one task, while AGI can do many.

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AGI cognitive abilities

AGI aims for AI that's similar to human thought processes.

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AGI primary goal

AGI aims to create machines capable of any intellectual task.

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Development set use

Evaluating AI systems to catch biases.

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AI system robustness

AI systems must be stable and reliable.

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Training data purpose

Training data teaches prediction and action to AI.

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AI improvement factor

Large datasets contribute to recent AI improvement.

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AI growth drivers

Computing power, data, and algorithms are key.

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Labyrinth actions

Moving forward, backward, left, or right are the options.

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Labyrinth challenge

Finding the shortest path to the goal.

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Labyrinth reinforcement

Learning through trial and error by reward/penalty.

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Perceptrons limitations

Early neural network models with limited learning.

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Expert systems limitations

Difficulty formalizing human knowledge in systems.

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AI hype and disillusionment

AI research has had both excitement and disappointment periods.

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Current AI stage

AI research has not yet achieved Artificial General Intelligence (AGI).

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Aristotle's early thoughts

Greek philosopher who had early ideas about artificial intelligence.

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AI adoption definition

Using AI capabilities in at least one business function.

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McKinsey AI adoption fields

Automation, predictive maintenance, and customer service.

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AI high-tech/telecom applications

Predictive maintenance, network optimization, and customer segmentation.

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AI predictive maintenance benefit

Early fault prediction allowing proactive repair.

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Self-optimizing networks

Networks that predict traffic, usage, and metrics.

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Reinforcement learning

Learning through reward or penalty.

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Machine learning techniques

Supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning.

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Supervised learning

Learning from labeled data for prediction.

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Study Notes

Early Computing and AI Foundations

  • 13 registers in early computing machines were significant for processing and storage
  • Descartes believed that the foundation for AI objectives lies in understanding the workings of the human mind
  • Baruch Spinoza associated rationalism and materialism as two sides of the same coin

Human Reasoning and Machine Computation

  • Thomas Hobbes drew similarities between human reasoning and machine computations, comparing them to calculations

AI Development and Objectives

  • The primary difference between Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) lies in their problem-solving capabilities
  • AGI is expected to possess cognitive abilities similar to humans, with some philosophical sources requiring additional attributes
  • The primary goal of AGI is to create machines that can perform any intellectual task
  • ANI is limited to performing a specific task, whereas AGI can generalize across multiple tasks

AI Systems Evaluation

  • The development set is used to evaluate AI systems and identify potential biases
  • A crucial requirement when evaluating AI systems is to ensure they are robust and reliable
  • The primary purpose of the training data set is to teach AI systems to make predictions and take actions

Recent Improvements in AI

  • The primary factor contributing to the recent improvement of AI systems is the availability of large amounts of data
  • Key factors driving the growth of AI include advances in computing power, data storage, and machine learning algorithms

Labyrinth Example

  • In the labyrinth example, a person can perform four actions: move forward, backward, left, or right
  • The key challenge the person faces is finding the shortest path to the goal
  • The labyrinth example illustrates the concept of reinforcement learning, where the person learns through trial and error

Early AI Systems

  • Perceptrons, an early model of neural-inspired AI, had severe shortcomings, including limited learning capabilities
  • The development of expert systems was limited due to the difficulty in formalizing human knowledge and expertise

History of AI Research

  • The cycle of hype and disillusionment has caused ups and downs in AI research over the past decades
  • AI research has not yet reached the phase of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
  • The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, had early thoughts that date back to artificial intelligence

AI Adoption and Applications

  • The term used to describe the use of AI capabilities like machine learning in at least one business function is "AI adoption"
  • According to McKinsey & Company (2021), the main fields of AI adoption are automation, predictive maintenance, and customer service
  • AI is applied in High Tech and Telecommunication industries for predictive maintenance, network optimization, and customer segmentation
  • The key benefit of using AI in predictive maintenance for networks is accurate prediction of faults, allowing for proactive repair
  • Self-optimizing networks can accurately predict traffic patterns, usage, and other key metrics

Machine Learning and Reinforcement Learning

  • Reinforcement learning involves learning by reward or penalty
  • There are three techniques to train a learning model in machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning
  • Supervised learning requires labeled data and is primarily used for predictive modeling
  • Reinforcement learning algorithms can help optimize the learning experience by reducing the trial-and-error process

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AI s1 book.pdf

Description

Explore the course book for DLBDSEAIS01 on Artificial Intelligence published by IU International University of Applied Sciences. Dive into topics related to artificial intelligence concepts, theories, and applications discussed in the book.

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