Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
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Questions and Answers

What function does NVIDIA NVSwitch serve in connection with NVLinks?

  • Limits communication to a single GPU
  • Provides power to GPUs
  • Acts as a graphics rendering engine
  • Enables all-to-all GPU communication at full NVLink speed (correct)

Up to 8 GPUs can be allocated to different virtual machines simultaneously.

False (B)

What is required for using vSphere Lifecycle Manager in a GPU cluster?

All hosts in a cluster require the same GPU device and image.

NVIDIA GPUs optimize resources for ______ workloads.

<p>AI and machine learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components with their functions related to AI workloads:

<p>vSphere Lifecycle Manager = Manages GPU devices and images in clusters NVIDIA AI Enterprise Suite = Licensing for NVIDIA AI resources Cloud Admins = Provision Private AI foundations for production Data Scientists = Develop AI solutions and models</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use case for the Private AI Foundation with NVIDIA?

<p>Video game development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature allows direct communication between NVIDIA GPUs for improved performance?

<p>NVIDIA GPUDirect RDMA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enabling MIG mode allows for time sharing of GPU resources.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

VMotion is supported for GPU-enabled VMs during routine maintenance operations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What needs to be done to a VM for it to utilize GPU resources effectively?

<p>Assign a vGPU profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must happen to GPU-enabled TKG VMs before performing operations with the vSphere lifecycle manager?

<p>They must be manually powered off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ can be regarded as operating in series in the context of virtualization.

<p>Time-slicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

NVIDIA _____ allows high-speed connectivity between multiple GPUs.

<p>NVLINK</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each term with its description:

<p>MIG Mode = Allows a single GPU to be partitioned into multiple instances SR-IOV = Enables virtualized access to PCIe devices VGPU Profile = Configuration for allocating GPU resources to VMs GPUDirect RDMA = Allows direct access to GPU memory for enhanced performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of a role played by Cloud Admins?

<p>Provision AI workloads for production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many vGPU profiles can be assigned to a VM in MIG mode?

<p>1-7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

GPUs are not used in machine learning because they have fewer cores than CPUs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a GPU over a CPU in high-performance computing?

<p>Higher throughput</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of pre-configuring GPU profiles is done to ensure _____ shares of resources.

<p>equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be enabled to utilize PCIe devices for virtualized environments?

<p>SR-IOV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Dynamic DirectPath (I/O) passthrough mode?

<p>To allocate the entire GPU to a specific VM workload (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

NVIDIA vGPU allows multiple workloads to share a physical GPU simultaneously.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Generative AI?

<p>A form of AI that offers human-like creativity and reasoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of slices that a physical GPU can be fractioned into in MIG Mode?

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deep learning is solely based on complex rule sets to train models.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Time-Slicing Mode, workloads share a physical GPU and operate in __________.

<p>series</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one example of a popular Large Language Model (LLM).

<p>GPT-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

A GPU uses many more ______ than a CPU to process tasks in parallel.

<p>cores</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best use case for Time-Slicing Mode?

<p>When maximizing GPU utilization by running multiple workloads. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

MIG Mode is designed to run multiple workloads that operate in parallel.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following AI concepts with their definitions:

<p>Machine Learning = Computer learns from data without explicit rules Deep Learning = Inspired by neural networks of the human brain Generative AI = AI that creates human-like content Large Language Models = Models designed to understand and generate natural language</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to enable MIG Mode at the ESXi host level?

<p>nvidia-smi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are GPUs particularly designed for?

<p>Accelerating computational workloads (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

LLMs require a complex set of predefined rules for their operation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is responsible for handling the interaction between the guest OS and the NVIDIA GPU.

<p>Nvidia Computer Driver</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following modes with their appropriate characteristics:

<p>Dynamic DirectPath = Allocates entire GPU to a specific VM Time-Slicing Mode = Shares physical GPU and operates workloads in series MIG Mode = Fractions a physical GPU into multiple slices Nvidia vGPU = Allows multiple VMs to access parts of the GPU simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of LLMs that helps with task performance?

<p>Deep-learning neural nets</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which NVIDIA devices are supported by the default settings in vGPU processing?

<p>NVIDIA A30, A100, H100</p> Signup and view all the answers

GPUs are tolerant of memory ______ because they are designed for higher throughput.

<p>latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which task is NOT a component of LLMs?

<p>Programming languages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using GPUs over CPUs in high-performance computing?

<p>Greater number of cores for parallel processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Machine learning requires a complex set of predefined rules to learn from data.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Generative AI offers human-like creativity, reasoning, and __________ understanding.

<p>language</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of Large Language Models (LLMs)?

<p>Hardware accelerators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

GPUs are less tolerant of memory latency than CPUs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of enabling SR-IOV in ESXi host configuration?

<p>To allow multiple VMs to share a single physical NIC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

NVIDIA GPUDirect RDMA enhances performance by allowing direct communication between CPUs and NVIDIA GPUs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term LLM stand for?

<p>Large Language Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

GPUs can accelerate computational workloads in __________ landscapes.

<p>machine learning or deep learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two modes of allocating vGPU resources?

<p>Time sharing and MIG</p> Signup and view all the answers

For what purpose is Fine-tuning in LLMs typically done?

<p>To improve model performance on specific tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

GPUs have significantly more ______ than CPUs, allowing them to process tasks in parallel.

<p>cores</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following NVIDIA technologies with their primary functionality:

<p>NVIDIA NVLINK = High-speed connections between multiple GPUs MIG Mode = Time sharing of GPU resources NVIDIA vGPU = Enables multiple workloads on a single GPU GPUDirect RDMA = Direct access to GPU memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of a VM Class in TKG?

<p>Classification for TKG Worker Node VMs with GPUs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

NVIDIAs MIG mode allows for equal shares of GPU resources among VMs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of slices a physical GPU can be divided into when using MIG Mode?

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

To utilize PCIe devices for virtualized environments, you must enable ______.

<p>SR-IOV</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benefit does NVIDIA GPUDirect RDMA provide?

<p>Higher performance due to direct access to GPU memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which configuration mode allows an entire GPU to be allocated to a specific virtual machine workload?

<p>Dynamic DirectPath (I/O) passthrough mode (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

MIG Mode allows a single physical GPU to be divided into a maximum of 8 slices.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary best use case for Time-Slicing Mode?

<p>Max GPU utilization by running as many workloads/VMs as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

MIG mode helps to maximize utilization of GPU devices by __________ a physical GPU into multiple smaller GPU instances.

<p>fractioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the vGPU processing settings with their descriptions:

<p>Best effort = Workloads share resources based on availability Equal shares = Workloads share resources equally Fixed shares = Workloads are allocated predetermined resources Time-slicing = Workloads process in series at scheduled intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is MIG Mode best used?

<p>For multiple workloads needing to operate in parallel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Time-Slicing Mode, workloads share a physical GPU and can operate simultaneously.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The NVIDIA __________ software is required on the host to manage virtual GPU resources.

<p>host</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of NVIDIA NVSwitch?

<p>To connect multiple NVLinks for GPU communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All GPUs in a cluster must use different device images.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature allows for the migration of workloads in NVIDIA-powered environments?

<p>vSphere vMotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Private AI Foundation with NVIDIA is a platform for provisioning AI workloads on ______ hosts.

<p>ESXI</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their functions:

<p>vSphere Lifecycle Manager = Maintains consistent GPU images across hosts Tanzu Kubernetes Grid = Enables AI workloads in Kubernetes environments NVSwitch = Facilitates high-speed inter-GPU communication vSphere vMotion = Supports workload migrations for GPUs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reduces communication traffic and CPU overhead in NVIDIA GPU environments?

<p>Implementing NVSwitch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

VMotion is supported for GPU-enabled VMs during all types of operations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of virtualization, time-slicing can be best described as what?

<p>Operating in series</p> Signup and view all the answers

To use GPU resources effectively, a VM must be allocated to a ______ in vSphere.

<p>device group</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must happen to GPU-enabled TKG VMs before operations with the vSphere Lifecycle Manager?

<p>They must be powered off (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

AI

Mimicking human-like intelligence or behavior.

Machine Learning

Computers learning from data without explicit rules.

Deep Learning

Machine learning inspired by the brain's neural network.

Generative AI

AI that creates new content, like text or images.

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LLM

Large Language Model—powerful AI for natural language tasks.

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GPU

Graphics Processing Unit; faster than CPU for many tasks.

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CPU

Central Processing Unit; a computer's main processor.

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Hardware Accelerator

Devices that speed up specific tasks, often used with AI.

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Pre-training

Training an AI model on a large dataset before specific tasks.

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Fine-tuning

Further training an AI model on a specific task.

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Dynamic DirectPath (I/O) passthrough

A GPU configuration mode where the entire GPU is dedicated to a single virtual machine (VM).

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Nvidia vGPU (Shared GPU)

A configuration for multiple VMs to share access to part of a physical GPU.

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Time-Slicing Mode (vGPU)

Multiple VMs share a physical GPU by taking turns using it.

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MIG Mode (Multi-Instance GPU Mode)

Dividing a physical GPU into multiple smaller virtual instances.

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Time-slicing

Method of scheduling workload on shared resources.

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Multi-Instance GPU Mode (MIG)

Dividing a physical GPU into multiple virtually independent smaller ones using specific software drivers.

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Nvidia Host software (VIB)

Software component residing on the host machine to manage the NVIDIA GPU.

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Nvidia GPU

The physical graphics processing unit (GPU) from NVIDIA.

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Nvidia Computer Driver (Guest OS)

Software component installed on virtual machines (VMs) to allow interaction with the NVIDIA GPU by the guest OS itself.

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GPU PCIe Device

A specialized hardware component, used for accelerating specific types of computation. It's a crucial part of a larger system allowing enhanced performance in parallel tasks.

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SR-IOV

A virtualization technique that gives each virtual device its own physical hardware, improving performance and efficiency in virtual machines by directly accessing hardware.

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VGPU Profile

A configuration that defines how vGPUs are allocated to a virtual machine (VM). It dictates the type of vGPU and resource allocation to manage virtual GPU usage.

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MIG Mode

A feature in GPUs that allows for better resource management and efficient sharing of resources among multiple virtual machines.

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VCF Inventory

A system to track and manage virtualized computer resources, like hosts and storage, within a virtualized environment.

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GPUDirect RDMA

A technology offering 10x performance improvement in GPU communications by directly transferring data to/from GPU memory rather than relying on the CPU.

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NVLINK

High-speed connection between GPUs on the same server, allowing simplified GPU management, and improved speed in data transfer.

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VM Class

A predefined set of specifications and configurations for creating virtual machines, useful for creating consistent and managed virtual machine deployments.

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TKG Worker Node VM

Virtual machine specifically designed for running tasks within a Kubernetes cluster, providing a foundation for workload management.

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NVSwitch

A hardware component that connects multiple NVLinks, enabling fast GPU-to-GPU communication within and across nodes.

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GPU-to-GPU communication

The process of data transfer between Graphics Processing Units (GPUs).

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vSphere device-group

A vSphere feature allowing allocation of multiple GPUs to a single virtual machine (VM).

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Private AI Foundation

A platform for provisioning AI workloads on vSphere hosts with NVIDIA GPUs, providing secure and managed AI infrastructure.

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DirectPath I/O

A technology that allows direct communication between a device (e.g., GPU) and a guest OS without going through the hypervisor.

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vSphere Lifecycle Manager

Tool that manages the lifecycle of virtual machines on vSphere.

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VCF Tanzu Kubernetes Grid

A platform for running containerized applications on vSphere.

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VCF vSphere Cluster

A group of vSphere hosts managed as a unit.

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Dynamic DirectPath

A configuration mode where an entire physical GPU is dedicated to a single virtual machine.

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Nvidia-certified system

A system that has been tested and approved by NVIDIA to ensure compatibility and optimal performance with NVIDIA GPUs.

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Best Used for (Time-Slicing Mode)

When GPU resource contention is not a priority, and maximum GPU utilization is desired.

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Best Used for (MIG Mode)

When multiple workloads need dedicated and predictable performance.

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Workflow to Configure NVIDIA GPU in VCF

The process of setting up and configuring an NVIDIA GPU within a VCF environment.

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What is the difference between AI and Machine Learning?

AI is a broad field that encompasses creating machines that can mimic human intelligence. Machine Learning is a subset of AI where machines learn from data to make predictions or decisions without explicit programming.

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What are the key components of a Large Language Model?

LLMs are made up of deep learning models (transformers), hardware accelerators to speed up processing, machine learning software, and various training tasks like pre-training, fine-tuning, and inference.

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Why are GPUs preferred over CPUs for AI workloads?

GPUs have significantly more cores than CPUs, allowing them to process tasks in parallel, which is essential for AI's complex calculations. They also have a specialized memory structure designed for higher throughput.

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What is Dynamic DirectPath I/O passthrough?

This is a GPU configuration mode where the entire GPU is dedicated to a single virtual machine. This allows virtual machines to have direct, high-speed access to the GPU's resources.

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What is NVIDIA vGPU (Shared GPU)?

This configuration allows multiple virtual machines to share access to part of a physical GPU. It enables resource-efficient GPU sharing, allowing multiple virtual machines to benefit from accelerated processing without having to dedicate the entire GPU to each one.

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What is Time-Slicing Mode in vGPU?

In this mode, multiple virtual machines share a physical GPU by taking turns using it. The GPU is allocated to each VM for a short period, and then switches to the next VM.

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What is MIG Mode (Multi-Instance GPU Mode)?

This mode allows you to divide a physical GPU into several smaller virtual instances. Each instance works independently, improving resource management and allowing for more flexible allocation to virtual machines.

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What is NVLINK?

NVLINK is a high-speed connection between GPUs on the same server. This allows for fast data transfer between GPUs, facilitating more efficient computation and improving overall performance.

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What is GPUDirect RDMA?

This technology provides a direct communication path between the GPU and its application's memory, avoiding the need to go through the CPU. This results in faster data transfer and increased performance.

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What is the purpose of the Nvidia Host software (VIB)?

The VIB resides on the host machine and manages the NVIDIA GPU. It enables interactions with the GPU and facilitates its use by virtual machines.

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ESXi Host Configuration

Steps to prepare an ESXi host for GPU-accelerated workloads, including installing NVIDIA drivers and enabling SR-IOV for better performance.

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SDDC Manager Configuration

Process of adding ESXi hosts to the vCenter Server inventory and assigning them to clusters for workload management.

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VM/TKG Configuration

Setting up virtual machines for GPU acceleration by configuring GPU resource allocation through profiles and installing drivers.

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VGPU Profile - Time Slicing

A GPU resource allocation method where multiple virtual machines share a single GPU, taking turns using it.

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VGPU Profile - MIG

A GPU resource allocation method that divides a single GPU into multiple smaller virtual instances, allowing for more efficient resource utilization.

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VM Class for TKG Worker Node VM

A predefined configuration template for creating virtual machines specifically designed to run Kubernetes workloads.

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Nvidia GPUDirect RDMA

A technology enabling direct communication between GPUs and memory without the need for the CPU, providing significantly faster data transfer rates.

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Nvidia NVLINK

A high-speed interconnect technology that allows for fast communication between multiple GPUs on the same server.

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GPU's for Machine Learning

GPUs are preferred over CPUs for accelerating machine learning workloads because they offer more cores, handle parallel tasks efficiently, and tolerate memory latency.

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Creating a GPU Device Group

A mechanism to group multiple physical GPUs together and assign them to a single virtual machine.

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GPU-enabled TKG vms

Virtual machines within Tanzu Kubernetes Grid specifically designed to leverage the power of GPUs for accelerated computing. Think of VMs designed to run complex tasks quickly using the power of GPUs.

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Study Notes

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

  • AI aims to mimic the intelligence and behavior of living entities.

Machine Learning

  • Machine learning allows computers to learn from data without explicitly programmed rules.
  • Learning occurs by training models with datasets.

Deep Learning

  • Deep learning is a machine learning technique inspired by the human brain's neural networks.

Generative AI

  • Generative AI, a type of large language model (LLM), offers human-like creativity, reasoning, and language understanding.
  • Revolutionizes natural language understanding, generation, and interaction.

Large Language Models (LLMs)

  • LLMs are complex models that process vast amounts of text data, producing coherent and contextually relevant responses.
  • Examples include GPT-4, MPT, Vicuna, and Falcon.

Components of LLMs

  • Deep learning transformers (neural networks)
  • Hardware accelerators
  • Machine learning software stack
  • Pre-training tasks
  • Fine-tuning tasks
  • Inference (prompt completion) tasks

NVIDIA GPUs in Private AI Foundation

  • GPUs excel at accelerating computational workloads in HPC and machine learning.
  • They have more cores than CPUs, enabling parallel processing for faster tasks.
  • GPUs are tolerant of memory latency, working with fewer, smaller cache layers.
  • Different configuration modes include CPU-only virtualization, Dynamic DirectPath (I/O) pass-through mode, NVIDIA vGPU (shared GPU), and Time-Slicing mode.

GPU Modes for Workloads

  • Time-Slicing mode is the default setting for workloads using NVIDIA GPUs.
  • Workloads can be configured for sharing, and default settings use best-efforts or fixed shares.
  • Multi-Instance GPU (MIG) allows partitioning a single physical GPU into multiple smaller virtual GPUs.
  • GPUDirect RDMA improves GPU performance by providing direct communication between GPUs and network interface cards.
  • NVIDIA NVLink is a high-speed connection between multiple GPUs.
  • Simplifies device consumption and uses common PCIe switches for better performance.

VMware Cloud Foundation

  • SDDC Manager is used to monitor GPU consumption within GPU-enabled workload domains.
  • VMware Aria Operations can be used as an alternative to monitor.
  • VMware Aria Automation is used to add self-service catalog items for deploying AI workloads.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning techniques. It covers key concepts like generative AI and large language models, as well as their components and functionalities. Test your knowledge on the advancements in AI technologies and their applications.

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