Article 21 of the Constitution
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Questions and Answers

Which provision of the Constitution is considered the heart of the Constitution?

  • Article 21 (correct)
  • Article 18
  • Article 15
  • Article 12

In what situations can Article 21 be claimed?

  • When a person is deprived of life or personal liberty by any means
  • Only when a person is deprived of life or personal liberty by the State (correct)
  • When a person's rights are violated by private individuals
  • When a person voluntarily gives up their rights

What expressions are crucially used in Article 21 for defining rights?

  • Right to freedom and Right to property
  • Right to life and Right to personal liberty (correct)
  • Right to education and Right to health
  • Right to speech and Right to association

Why is the right to life considered the most fundamental of all rights?

<p>Because no other rights have value without it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who does Article 21 apply to?

<p>Natural persons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court hold regarding the right to life in the case of Kharak Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh?

<p>The right to life extends to all limbs and faculties by which life is enjoyed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration, what was included in the right to life according to the Supreme Court?

<p>The right to lead a healthy life and enjoy all faculties of the human body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fundamental right has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to encompass prevention of sexual harassment or abuse?

<p>Right to Life (Article 21) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court declare in Vishakha v. State of Rajasthan regarding sexual harassment of working women?

<p>Sexual harassment is a violation of rights of gender equality and rights to life and liberty. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What guidelines did the Supreme Court lay down in Vishakha case in the absence of enacted law against sexual harassment?

<p>Employers should prevent sexual harassment and take appropriate steps at the workplace. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Heart of the Constitution

Article 21 is considered the heart of the Constitution due to its fundamental importance in safeguarding individual liberties.

Article 21 Applicability

Article 21 can be invoked when the State (government) deprives a person of their life or personal liberty.

Article 21's Key Rights

The right to life and the right to personal liberty are the core rights enshrined in Article 21.

Right to Life: A Foundation

The right to life is considered foundational because without it, all other rights become meaningless.

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Article 21's Subject

Article 21 applies to natural persons, not corporations or abstract entities.

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Right to Life: Extending Beyond Survival

In Kharak Singh, the Supreme Court clarified that 'right to life' encompasses not just survival but also the ability to enjoy life through physical faculties.

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Right to Life: Beyond Physical Well-being

The Sunil Batra case expanded 'right to life' to include the right to a healthy life and the right to utilize all bodily faculties.

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Right to Life as a Shield against Abuse

The Supreme Court interpreted Article 21 to encompass protection against sexual harassment and abuse.

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Sexual Harassment: A Violation of Fundamental Rights

The Vishakha case established that sexual harassment violates rights to gender equality, life, and liberty.

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Employer's Responsibility to Prevent Harassment

In the absence of legislation, Vishakha outlined guidelines for employers to prevent and address sexual harassment in workplaces.

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