Indian Constitution Articles 19 and 21 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the permissible restrictions on the freedom of speech as outlined in Article 19?

  • Right to privacy
  • Sovereignty and integrity of India (correct)
  • Public Health
  • Economic Development

Under Article 21, what fundamental right is conferred upon every person?

  • Right to free education
  • Right to life and personal liberty (correct)
  • Right to free speech
  • Right to political asylum

What must be true for restrictions on freedoms under Article 19 to be considered reasonable?

  • They can be enforced by any governmental authority.
  • They should align with individual preferences.
  • They must be imposed by law and not by executive order. (correct)
  • They must be imposed for economic reasons.

Which of the following is NOT a listed reason for imposing restrictions on the freedom of speech under Article 19?

<p>National Health Crisis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Article 21, what is necessary for a person to be deprived of their life or personal liberty?

<p>Procedure established by law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the Directive Principles of State Policy aim to achieve?

<p>Justice—social, economic and political (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does the term 'Sovereign' signify in the Indian Constitution?

<p>Independence both within and without the borders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the democratic nature of the polity in India?

<p>Elected representatives and executive responsibility to the legislature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the preamble to the Constitution of India declare?

<p>India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment added the term 'Socialist' to the Constitution?

<p>42nd Amendment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structure of the Indian Constitution primarily composed of?

<p>Federal features with democratic representation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Democratic Republic' indicate in the context of the Indian governance structure?

<p>Government of the people, by the people, and for the people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the Directive Principles of State Policy located in the Constitution?

<p>Part IV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 17 state regarding untouchability?

<p>Untouchability is abolished and practice is forbidden. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the prohibited titles by Article 18?

<p>Honorary award (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the freedoms guaranteed under Article 19(1) of the Constitution?

<p>Freedom of speech and expression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions requires consent from the President as per Article 18?

<p>Accepting a foreign state title without prior consent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Article 18 aim to address social inequality?

<p>By prohibiting the conferment of certain titles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the consequences of practicing untouchability under Article 17?

<p>It is punishable under law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following freedoms is omitted in Article 19(1)?

<p>Freedom to form unions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the abolition of titles described in Article 18?

<p>To eliminate classifications of superiority among citizens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 21 protect in relation to noise pollution?

<p>Right to personal liberty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which case emphasized that the denial of a passport constitutes deprivation of personal liberty?

<p>Satwant Singh Sawhney v. A.P.O. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be established to justify interference with a person's life under Article 21?

<p>Statutory law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element does NOT constitute a valid law for depriving someone of liberty?

<p>Popularity of the law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the term 'procedure established by law'?

<p>A procedure that is established by a governmental authority (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying principle governs the procedure for depriving someone of personal liberty?

<p>Fairness, justice, and reasonableness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Noise pollution beyond permissible limits is seen as an infringement of which right?

<p>Right to live in peace (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a permissible restriction on freedom of speech and expression?

<p>Public opinion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the President of India as outlined in Article 53?

<p>To execute the laws and administer government affairs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following powers does NOT belong to the executive power of the President?

<p>Investigative power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which article does the President of India have the power to promulgate Ordinances?

<p>Article 123 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation is placed on the President's ordinance-making power?

<p>It is subject to the same limitations as parliamentary legislation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is included in the military powers of the President?

<p>Commanding armed forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many nominated members can the President appoint to the Rajya Sabha?

<p>Twelve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a special feature of the Constitution of India regarding the legislative power of the President?

<p>Power to legislate during the absence of Parliament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories is NOT included under the executive power of the President?

<p>Diplomatic power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?

<p>To declare the objectives of the nation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a value stated in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?

<p>Prosperity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of liability is vicarious liability?

<p>Liability based on relationship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental legal principle is involved in malicious prosecution?

<p>Abuse of legal process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'nuisance' in tort law?

<p>An interference with a person's enjoyment of property (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the role of Company Secretaries important in corporate governance?

<p>They ensure compliance with statutory requirements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does corporate social responsibility (CSR) primarily involve?

<p>Balancing economic growth and societal welfare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reasoning process employs logical deduction to arrive at a conclusion?

<p>Deductive reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus when discussing the appointment of Directors in company law?

<p>Their qualifications and experience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In logical reasoning, what does 'syllogism' refer to?

<p>A logical argument with three parts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of company is formed by a group of people sharing common goals?

<p>Non-Profit Organization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'Board Meeting' in corporate governance?

<p>To discuss company policies and strategic decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'analogy' imply in legal reasoning?

<p>Comparison between two similar cases to draw conclusions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'strict liability' entail in tort law?

<p>Liability without proving fault or negligence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Directive Principles of State Policy

Principles the Indian state should follow in its governance, detailed in the Constitution.

Sovereign

Independent from external and internal control; free to govern itself.

Democratic Republic

A government where power comes from the people, and a head of state is elected (not a monarch).

Socialist

Aiming for social, economic, and political justice for all citizens.

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Legal Sovereignty

Ultimate governmental power resides with the people of India.

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Political Sovereignty

The power of governing distributed between the central (Union) and regional (state) governments.

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Preamble

Introduction to the Constitution stating India's aims and aspirations.

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Basic Structure Doctrine

The supreme court's idea that some features of the Constitution are so important they cannot be altered.

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Law of Torts

A branch of law dealing with civil wrongs and remedies for those wrongs.

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Specific Defenses

Legal arguments a defendant can use to claim they aren't guilty of a tort (or other legal breach).

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Nuisance

A civil wrong that interferes with the enjoyment of land or property.

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Negligence

A failure to take reasonable care, resulting in harm to another.

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Strict Liability

Legal responsibility for harm, without proof of fault or negligence.

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Vicarious Liability

Legal responsibility for the actions of another.

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Trespass

Wrongfully entering or interfering with someone's property.

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Malicious Prosecution

Bringing false or unfounded legal proceedings.

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Indian Constitution

The fundamental law of India, establishing its government and rights of its citizens.

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Preamble of Constitution

Introduction to the Constitution, outlining its goals and values.

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Secular

Not supportive of any particular religion.

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Democratic

Ruling by the people, usually through elected representatives.

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Republic

A system of government where no person is a king or queen.

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Abolition of Untouchability

"Untouchability" is outlawed, and any practice related to it is illegal.

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Article 17

A constitutional article that bans "untouchability" and makes its practice illegal.

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Article 18

A constitutional provision that prohibits the awarding of titles by the Indian state.

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Six Freedoms of Citizens

Article 19(1) protects essential rights like the freedom of speech, assembly, and association, along with movement.

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Freedom of speech and expression

A right guaranteed under the Constitution, protecting individual's right to express thoughts and ideas.

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Assemble Peaceably

The freedom to gather peacefully without weapons.

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Freedom of Movement

The right to move within the country.

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Freedom to form associations

Guaranteeing the citizens' right to form groups, unions or cooperatives.

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Freedom Restrictions

The Constitution allows for reasonable restrictions on fundamental rights, but they must be imposed by law, be reasonable, and serve a specific purpose outlined in the Constitution.

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Article 19(2)

This article outlines the specific grounds on which the freedom of speech and expression can be restricted.

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Reasonable Restrictions

Restrictions on fundamental rights must be justified, necessary, and proportional to the legitimate objective they aim to achieve.

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Article 21: Life and Liberty

Guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, encompassing a dignified existence and the right to live.

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Procedure Established by Law

Deprivation of life or liberty must follow a legal process defined by law, ensuring fairness and due process.

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Executive Power

The power to run the government, including enforcing laws and managing state affairs. This is vested in the President of India.

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President's Legislative Power

The President has the authority to issue 'Ordinances', temporary laws that take effect immediately when Parliament cannot meet.

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What is the Council of States?

The Rajya Sabha, also known as the Council of States, is one of the two houses of the Indian Parliament, representing the states and union territories.

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Council of States' Members

The Council of States (Rajya Sabha) is composed of nominated members chosen by the President, and elected representatives from various states and union territories.

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President's Power: Administration

The President has the authority to manage government departments and execute laws put in place by Parliament.

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President's Power: Military

The President is the commander-in-chief of the Indian armed forces, responsible for defense strategy and war efforts.

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President's Power: Legislature

The President has the power to summon, adjourn, and dissolve Parliament, influencing the legislative process.

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President's Power: Judiciary

The President has the power to grant pardons, reprieves, and commutations, influencing the judicial process.

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Right to live in freedom from noise pollution

A fundamental right protected by Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, meaning noise exceeding permissible limits violates this right.

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Right to travel

This right is encompassed within the concept of 'personal liberty' protected by Article 21, and thus cannot be denied without lawful procedures.

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Denying a passport

Without a legal justification based on a prescribed procedure, refusing a passport constitutes an unlawful deprivation of one's personal liberty.

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What makes a procedure valid?

A procedure must be laid down by law, must be a valid law, and must be strictly followed. It should also be fair, just, and reasonable, not arbitrary or oppressive.

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What is a permissible restriction on freedom of speech?

Restrictions can be imposed on freedom of speech when it threatens public order, decency, morality, court proceedings, or incites illegal activity.

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What does 'incitement to an offense' mean?

This refers to speech that encourages or promotes the commission of a crime, which falls under permissible restrictions on free speech.

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What are the limitations on sovereignty?

The sovereignty of a state may be limited by international obligations, treaties, and agreements, as well as by the need to maintain friendly relations with other states.

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Study Notes

  • Lesson 1: Indian Constitution
    • Covers the Preamble, citizenship, fundamental rights, and fundamental duties
    • Includes Directive Principles of State Policy, the structure of the state (President, Governors, Council of Ministers, etc.), and the judicial structure (Supreme Court, High Courts)
  • Lesson 2: Elements of General Laws - (Indian Contract Act and Law of Torts)
    • A. Law of Contract:
      • Defines "Contract" as an agreement enforceable by law.
      • Outlines essential elements of a valid contract (offer, acceptance, consideration, competency, legality of object, intent to create legal relations, etc.)
      • Discusses various types of contracts.
    • B. Law of Torts
      • Describes torts (civil wrongs that aren't breaches of contract or trust)
      • Provides remedies for torts.
  • Lesson 3: Company Secretaries Legislation
    • Introduces the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI)
    • Outlines the vision, mission, and core values of the Institute.
    • Covers related laws and regulations.
  • Lesson 4: Elements of Company Law
    • Explains the concept of a company as a distinct legal entity.
    • Examines different types of companies (public, private, one-person, etc.).
  • Lesson 5: Legal Reasoning
    • Covers legal terminology and maxims.
    • Includes concepts like 'a priori', 'ab initio', legal principles, and maxims useful for logical reasoning.
  • Lesson 6: Logical Reasoning
    • Introduces the fundamentals of logical reasoning.
    • Divides it into categories like cause-effect, coding-decoding, deductive, inductive reasoning.
  • Lesson 7: Verbal Reasoning
    • Emphasizes the use of language and logic.
    • Includes topics like analogy, coding, decoding, and series.
  • Lesson 8: Non-Verbal Reasoning
    • Focuses on reasoning without the use of language.
    • Covers topics such as classification, pattern completion and series.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the restrictions and rights associated with Articles 19 and 21 of the Indian Constitution. This quiz covers permissible restrictions on freedom of speech and the fundamental rights related to life and personal liberty. See how well you understand these essential legal concepts.

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