أسئلة الرابعة بارا دمياط (قبل التعديل)
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Questions and Answers

What is the main feature that distinguishes insects from other arthropods?

  • 10 to 14 legs
  • Two body regions
  • 8 legs and no antennae
  • Three body regions with 6 legs (correct)

    • What is the primary role of the body louse in terms of disease transmission?

  • Known to be a vector for epidemic typhus (correct)
  • Causes pubic infestations
  • Leads to allergic reactions
  • Transmits pathogens by biting

    • Which of the following arthropods can cause dermatitis through their bites?

  • Crayfish
  • Spiders
  • Dragonflies
  • Ticks (correct)

    • Which control measure is specifically recommended for head lice?

    <p>Application of malathion or licid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason only female arthropods transmit diseases to humans?

    <p>Females need a blood meal for egg development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is NOT transmitted by mosquitoes?

    <p>Scabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of louse is primarily associated with sexual transmission?

    <p>Phthirus pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of louse does NOT transmit any pathogens?

    <p>Head louse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the life cycle of certain mosquitoes typically take?

    <p>2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of biological transmission of diseases by arthropods?

    <p>Part of its life cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the life cycle of a louse?

    <p>Egg → Nymph → Adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method to eliminate the breeding places of mosquitoes?

    <p>Installing screens on windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is effective against pubic lice?

    <p>Hair shaving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a natural enemy of mosquitoes?

    <p>Frogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measures can be taken to control body lice infestation?

    <p>Boiling clothes and frequent bathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of pediculosis (infestation by lice)?

    <p>Skin thickening and hyperpigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used to confirm a scabies infestation?

    <p>Skin scraping of lesions for microscopic examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is NOT mentioned for scabies?

    <p>Aloe vera cream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of severe scabies infestation in immunosuppressed individuals?

    <p>Crusted scabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with scabies during the night?

    <p>Severe itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do certain mites primarily reside in humans?

    <p>In hair follicles and sebaceous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common effect of dust mites on sensitive individuals?

    <p>Allergic rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken immediately after a scorpion sting?

    <p>Cut and suck the wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is suggested to control dust mites in sensitive individuals' homes?

    <p>Thorough cleaning using a vacuum cleaner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of the life cycle for fleas?

    <p>Egg → Larva → Pupa → Adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disease transmitted by ticks?

    <p>Plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does tick paralysis occur?

    <p>It results from the tick's saliva causing a blockage of the neuro-muscular junctions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment method for controlling flea infestations in homes?

    <p>Spraying insecticides on floors and carpets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of body structure do mites such as Scabies have?

    <p>One mass, lacking clear differentiation between parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which time is itching from Scabies most likely to increase?

    <p>During the night due to increased warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of adult and nymph ticks?

    <p>They are bloodsuckers with specialized mouthparts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insecticide concentration is mentioned for treating infected dogs and cats?

    <p>4% rotenone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the diseases transmitted by ticks?

    <p>Rocky Mountain spotted fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the flea life cycle is capable of being targeted by insecticides?

    <p>Larva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What toxin is associated with tick paralysis?

    <p>Neurotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which locations do mites like Sarcoptes scabiei primarily live on humans?

    <p>Fingers and toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary control method for tick infestations in homes?

    <p>Spraying insecticides on floors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about flea dermatitis is true?

    <p>It results from secondary bacterial infection after flea bites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is indicated for removing a tick to mitigate toxin effects?

    <p>Anaesthetizing with ether</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of adult and nymph ticks aids in their identification?

    <p>They have distinct mouthparts for biting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary body structure difference between insects and arachnids?

    <p>Insects have six legs, and arachnids have eight legs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is primarily transmitted by female arthropods that require a blood meal for their life cycle?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method for mechanical transmission of diseases by arthropods?

    <p>Contamination by infected water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is false regarding mosquito life cycles?

    <p>Adult mosquitoes do not require food for several weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do natural enemies like frogs and fish play in arthropod control?

    <p>They reduce the population of aquatic and adult stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically a result of an insect bite?

    <p>Entomophobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insecticide is specifically mentioned as a cuticle poison for arthropods?

    <p>Pyrethrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an aspect of biological transmission of diseases by arthropods?

    <p>The life cycle of the arthropod incorporates the pathogen's development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary control method for body lice infestations?

    <p>Frequent bathing and laundering clothes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which louse type is specifically noted for being a vector of diseases?

    <p>Body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used to manage head lice effectively?

    <p>Use of insecticides like Malathion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can pubic lice be transmitted aside from sexual contact?

    <p>By sharing towels or clothes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of Pediculus humanus that relates to its feeding behavior?

    <p>Mouth adapted for piercing and sucking blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is referred to as 'Vagabond’s disease' and is associated with louse infestations?

    <p>Pediculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a control method for pubic lice?

    <p>Using ultraviolet light traps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a significant skin change associated with Pediculosis due to prolonged exposure to louse saliva?

    <p>Thickened skin and hyperpigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the common clinical signs of scabies infestation?

    <p>Severe itching during the night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a recommended treatment for scabies?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can crusted scabies be primarily identified?

    <p>High numbers of mites in keratotic lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most likely associated with dust mites in sensitive individuals?

    <p>Allergic rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most serious consequence of a scorpion sting in children?

    <p>Cardiac and respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effective method for controlling dust mites in households?

    <p>Thorough cleaning with a vacuum cleaner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to immediately treat a scorpion sting?

    <p>Incising the wound and sucking it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do certain mites that cause dermatitis primarily reside on the body?

    <p>Within hair follicles and sebaceous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Arthropods: Classification and Characteristics

    • Arthropods are a diverse group of invertebrates, characterized by a segmented body, exoskeleton, and jointed appendages.
    • Arthropods are classified into four main groups: Insects, Crustaceans, Arachnida, and Myriapods.
    • Insects have three body regions (head, thorax, and abdomen), six legs, and usually two pairs of wings. Examples include beetles, butterflies, and flies. Examples of insects also include mosquitos, fleas, and lice.
    • Crustaceans have ten legs and two pairs of antennae, and typically live in aquatic environments. Examples include crabs, shrimp, and crayfish. They also include crawfish, sowbugs, and fairy shrimp.
    • Arachnids have eight legs, no antennae, and two body regions (cephalothorax and abdomen). Examples include spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks.
    • Myriapods have many legs and two body regions (head and trunk), including centipedes and millipedes.

    Medical Importance of Arthropods

    • Arthropods can act as disease vectors, transmitting diseases to humans.
    • Arthropods can cause diseases directly, such as dermatitis from bites or stings.
    • Arthropods can transmit diseases by mechanical transmission (passive carriers), inoculation of poisons, or tissue invasion; including inoculation of poisons from ticks and scorpions.
    • Examples of arthropod-borne diseases include malaria, Lyme disease, scabies, plague, endemic typhus, rocky mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, viral meningoencephalitis, Texas cattle fever, and myiasis.

    Class Insecta: Mosquitoes, Fleas, and Lice

    • Mosquitoes are important disease vectors, with life cycles involving aquatic stages and blood-feeding adults. They transmit diseases like malaria, yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis, and dengue fever.
    • Fleas are small, wingless insects adapted for piercing and sucking blood. They transmit diseases like plague and endemic typhus.
    • Lice are small wingless insects that live on the skin or hair of mammals. They cause diseases like pediculosis, affecting humans and other mammals.

    Specific Examples: Ticks, Flies, Lice

    • Ticks: Transmit bacterial, viral, and protozoal diseases, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, viral meningoencephalitis, and Texas cattle fever (Babesia).
    • Fleas: Act as vectors for plague and endemic typhus, transmitted through bites.
    • Lice: Cause the disease pediculosis; (head lice, body lice, and pubic lice), which is not fatal but very irritating.

    Control and Prevention of Arthropod-Borne Diseases

    • Prevent breeding sites, by eliminating standing water for mosquitoes. Eliminate breeding places like water collection areas. Use of natural methods to reduce breeding or physically remove.
    • Use insecticides and repellents for control of specific arthropods.
    • Practice good personal hygiene, proper sanitation to avoid contact with vectors.

    Specific Arthropods: House Flies, Lice, and Mites

    • House Flies: Annoyance and transmit diseases like bacterial and parasitic diseases (helminths eggs, protozoa cyst).
    • Lice: Cause diseases by infestation, skin irritation, difficulty (for example, pediculosis may lead to secondary infections).
    • Mites: Cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and diseases such as scabies and dermatitis. They may also include house dust mites.

    Control Methods

    • Physical control such as using nets, screens, or removing breeding sites.
    • Biological control, through natural enemies like frogs or dragonflies that prey on mosquitos.
    • Chemical control i.e. insecticides, repellents. Also, methods such as sanitation and physical removal of arthropods.

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