Arthropods as Parasites and Vectors

<p>Ectoparasites live on the surface of their hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are wingless and have flattened bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They only visit hosts for a blood meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong legs and claws for attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete metamorphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sponging mouthparts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Egg, 6-legged larva, 8-legged nymph, 8-legged adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance survival across varying conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They drop to the ground and moult to nymphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are independent and survive on decaying matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pupal stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nymphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four pairs of legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pupa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have different feeding adaptations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By cementing them to hair shafts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nymph stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Females lay eggs continuously</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act like a sponge for secretions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chelicerae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through wings and antennae to locate hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To form a barbed tube for blood feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their powerful legs for jumping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They spongy absorb blood or secretions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ticks and mites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When sponging up fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flattened bodies to navigate through fur</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not survive for more than a few days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogens are transferred without involving the vector's life cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogens must move from the gut to the mouthparts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three hosts at each stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogens survive the moulting process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmission through mechanical means</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adapted body shapes for their niche</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They possess strong mandibles for chewing skin and hair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tabanid fly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as proboscis for piercing the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long proboscis adapted for piercing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the creation of wounds for blood feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Curved hooks for tearing tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proboscis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutting and slashing mouthparts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nymphs resemble adults and undergo several molts to mature into sexually mature adults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rapid life cycle, completing in about two weeks, facilitates quick transmission from one host to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous egg-laying ensures a steady population, increasing the chances of survival and reproduction on their hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete metamorphosis involves transforming from larvae, which are adapted for feeding, to adults adapted for reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insects grow in size significantly during each nymph stage as they molt and mature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piercing mouthparts allow blood-feeding arthropods to access a critical food source for their survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This adaptation allows larvae to grow and accumulate energy reserves vital for their transformation into adults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of antennae distinguishes arachnids from insects and highlights their unique morphological features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete metamorphosis allows larvae to exploit different ecological niches than adults, reducing competition for resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>House flies lay eggs in decaying matter, allowing their larvae to feed on abundant resources, which facilitates rapid reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moulting allows arachnids to transition between life stages, enabling growth and development as they progress from larvae to adults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feeding on rotting organic material helps larvae to obtain nutrients and recycle organic matter within ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three-host tick life cycle allows ticks to feed at different life stages, optimizing nutrient intake from multiple hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arthropod parasites can survive adverse conditions by entering dormant or pupal stages, reducing metabolic needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having multiple larval stages increases their capacity to exploit various habitats and resource availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partial metamorphosis allows arachnids to gradually transition into adults without a pupal stage, enabling quicker adaptation to their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chitinous exoskeleton helps protect adult arthropod parasites from desiccation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporary parasites like poultry red mites spend most of their time away from hosts and attack birds at night to feed on blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent parasitism allows arthropod parasites to exploit a consistent food source and enhance reproductive success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Female sheep keds produce larvae that adhere to wool and pupate immediately, ensuring the young are protected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The life cycles of arthropod parasites, which include distinct developmental stages, enhance their adaptability and survival rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ticks can survive off their hosts for extended periods by finding suitable habitats that offer protection from desiccation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lifecycle of Dermanyssus gallinae includes stages that allow for blood feeding on hosts primarily at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Female keds have strong legs and claws which enable them to cling to their hosts securely while feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maggots, or larvae, are parasitic and adapted to feed on living subcutaneous tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trombicula autumnalis is parasitic only as a 6-legged larva, while the nymphs and adults are free-living.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myiasis fly larvae have mouthparts adapted for feeding on living tissue, allowing them to gain necessary nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ticks are parasitic in all stages of their life cycle, using sensory organs to detect hosts for feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The feeding larvae store energy needed for their transition into adult flies, supporting their reproductive success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larvae have specialized mouthparts for parasitism, while adults are not adapted for feeding on hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harvest mite larvae are blood-feeding and parasitic, while nymphs and adults do not feed on hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory organs help tick larvae detect hosts, ensuring successful blood feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The labella's teeth rasp against the skin to create an opening for feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They incise the epidermis to facilitate blood feeding by creating a wound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypostome acts as a barbed tube for attachment and blood intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They utilize their antennae, wings, and powerful legs to locate and adhere to hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act like sponges to absorb liquid secretions from the host's mucous membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mouthparts include jaw-like chelicerae and a hypostome for blood feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that the tick remains securely attached to the host during feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They secrete anesthetic substances to avoid detection and removal by the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps them remain hydrated and survive while living in their host's skin, but limits their survival outside the host to a few days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Female flies can transmit pathogens on their mouthparts as they take multiple blood meals and lay eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogens survive during moulting and must migrate from the tick's gut to its salivary glands before transmission to another host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows ticks to feed on different hosts at each life stage, enhancing the spread of pathogens between multiple vertebrate hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological transmission involves the pathogen's survival and development within the vector, whereas mechanical transmission does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mouthparts may include hooks, combs, or cutting structures that assist in anchoring and obtaining blood or tissue from hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypostome anchors the parasite securely to the host, preventing detachment during feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows fleas to navigate easily through dense fur or hair, enhancing their ability to attach and feed from their hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yeasts are unicellular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascomycota</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-septate hyphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to grow at 37oC</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers