Arthropod Classes and Insect Orders
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following organisms is classified under the Class Insecta?

  • Black Widow Spider
  • American Lobster
  • Honeybee (correct)
  • Giant Millipede

What is the primary function of the alimentary canal in animals?

  • To facilitate respiration
  • To digest food and eliminate waste (correct)
  • To filter waste from the blood
  • To dissolve food in a liquid solution

Which insect order includes beetles?

  • Blattodea
  • Diptera
  • Coleoptera (correct)
  • Hymenoptera

What characterizes parthenogenic reproduction?

<p>Involves development from an unfertilized egg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the septa in biology?

<p>Thin walls dividing structures into sections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic applies to an organism that is dioecious?

<p>Has separate male and female individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the excurrent siphon in aquatic animals?

<p>To expel waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classes includes the American Lobster?

<p>Class Crustacea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant evolutionary implication of the genes found in tunicates?

<p>They suggest vertebrate features may have originated in invertebrate chordates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT shared by organisms in subphylum Vertebrata?

<p>Presence of jaws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the notochord relate to vertebrae in vertebrates?

<p>Vertebrae form in place of the notochord and provide increased support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do gene duplication events contribute to evolutionary diversity?

<p>By supplying genetic material for new functions to evolve. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classes do hagfish and lampreys belong to?

<p>Mynini and Petromyzontida (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Chondrichthyes?

<p>Cartilaginous skeleton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Chondrichthyes maintain buoyancy?

<p>By utilizing low-density liver oils. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reproductive strategies do organisms in the class Chondrichthyes exhibit?

<p>Oviparity, ovoviviparity, and viviparity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is unique to organisms in the phylum Chordates?

<p>Dorsal hollow nerve cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is replaced by the vertebral column during the development of vertebrates?

<p>Notochord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major classes of echinoderms?

<p>Asteroidea and Holothuroidea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect distinguishes Cephalochordata from Urochordata?

<p>Retention of chordate features in adults (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines hemichordates and distinguishes them from other invertebrates?

<p>Presence of dorsal nerve chord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do lancets and tunicates differ in their adult forms?

<p>Adult lancets retain key chordate features, adults tunicates do not (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chordates?

<p>Radial cleavage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant finding about tunicates that relates to their evolutionary connection with vertebrates?

<p>They possess genes associated with organs like the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of setae in invertebrates?

<p>Locomotion and sensation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is considered monoecious?

<p>Earthworms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes protostomes from deuterostomes during embryonic development?

<p>The mouth forms from the blastopore in protostomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of coelom development occurs in protostomes?

<p>Schizocoelous coelom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phyla are classified as deuterostomes?

<p>Chordates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a gizzard in certain animals?

<p>Grinding food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is involved in excretion and osmoregulation in many invertebrates?

<p>Nephridium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of cleavage pattern is characteristic of deuterostomes?

<p>Radial cleavage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pharyngeal clefts in invertebrate chordates?

<p>Filter feeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typical of organisms in the class Osteichthyes?

<p>Cartilaginous fins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Hox genes in the development of organisms?

<p>Patterning the body plan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do certain bony fishes maintain buoyancy in the water column?

<p>By using a swim bladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ray-finned fish from lobe-finned fish?

<p>Ray-finned fish have fins supported by bony spines or rays. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT typical of tetrapods?

<p>Gills for respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does the Tiktaalik fossil share with tetrapods?

<p>Limb-like appendages with digits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lateral line system in bony fishes?

<p>Detecting movement and vibrations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason amphibians need to stay close to water?

<p>To keep their skin moist for effective gas exchange. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process of metamorphosis in amphibians?

<p>A process that involves losing the tail and developing lungs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of vertebrates includes frogs, salamanders, and caecilians?

<p>Amphibia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin adaptation do amniotes have to reduce water loss?

<p>Dry and scaly skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the allantois in amniote embryos?

<p>Stores waste products. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups belong to the clade Amniotes?

<p>Reptiles, birds, mammals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebrate class has the largest number of species?

<p>Actinopterygii (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do reptiles typically lay their eggs compared to amphibians?

<p>On land in soft-shelled, leathery eggs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Echinoderm symmetry

Radially symmetrical marine invertebrates.

Hemichordate body plan

Marine invertebrates with a proboscis, collar, and trunk; some chordate-like features.

Chordate characteristic

Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic organisms with a well-developed coelom and complete digestive system.

Notochord's function

Flexible, rod-like structure providing support and aiding movement in chordates.

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Invertebrate chordates

Lancets & tunicates possessing chordate characteristics but lacking a vertebral column.

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Cephalochordates & Urochordates Similarity

Possess basic chordate features, especially during larval stage.

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Tunicates' Metamorphosis

Adult tunicates lose many chordate characteristics.

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Importance of Tunicate Genes

Reveals genetic links to key organs (heart, thyroid, etc.) in their genome.

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Vertebrate characteristics

Vertebrates share a spinal column, a head with a bony/cartilaginous skull, and a multi-chambered heart.

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Notochord vs. Vertebrae

The notochord is a flexible rod replaced by the vertebral column for support in vertebrates. Vertebrae develop around the notochord's remnants.

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Gene Duplication & Diversity

Gene duplication increases diversity by providing extra copies of genes, which can then evolve new functions.

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Primitive Vertebrates

Hagfish and lampreys are considered primitive vertebrates due to lacking jaws and having a cartilaginous skeleton, but possessing a notochord and dorsal nerve cord.

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Chondrichthyes Characteristics

Sharks, rays, and chimaeras have cartilaginous skeletons, gill slits, and placoid scales.

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Chondrichthyes Buoyancy

Chondrichthyes use low-density liver oils to maintain buoyancy.

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Chondrichthyes Sensory Systems

Chondrichthyes have advanced senses, such as electroreception and vision, for detecting prey.

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Chondrichthyes Reproduction

Chondrichthyes reproduce through three methods: oviparity, ovoviviparity, and viviparity.

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Insecta Class Example

A representative organism from the insect class, such as a housefly, monarch butterfly, honeybee, or grasshopper.

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Arachnida Class Example

A representative organism from the spider class/arachnid class, such as a black widow spider, scorpion, or tick.

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Coleoptera Order

Insect order containing beetles.

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Alimentary Canal

The continuous tube in animals where food passes through for digestion and waste removal.

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Parthenogenesis

A form of asexual reproduction where an organism develops from an unfertilized egg.

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Incurrent Siphon

Structure in aquatic animals that allows water to enter the body for feeding/respiration.

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Excurrent Siphon

Structure in aquatic animals that allows water to exit the body.

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Septa

Thin walls/partitions dividing structures into sections, in organisms such as fungi or earthworms.

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Nephridium

Invertebrate excretory organ for waste removal and water balance.

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Crop

Digestive storage chamber in some animals (like birds, annelids).

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Gizzard

Muscular digestive part that grinds food, often with stones.

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Monoecious

Organism with both male and female reproductive organs.

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Dioecious

Organism with separate male and female individuals.

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Protostome

Animal whose mouth develops from the blastopore first during embryonic development.

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Deuterostome

Animal whose anus develops from the blastopore first during embryonic development.

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Pharyngeal Clefts

Openings in the pharynx, used for filter feeding in invertebrate chordates.

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Somites

Blocks of mesoderm that develop into muscle segments (myotomes) in vertebrates.

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Hox Genes

Master regulatory genes that control the body plan, determining the location and identity of body parts.

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Vertebrae

Bony or cartilaginous segments that make up the vertebral column, providing support and flexibility.

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Neural Crest Cells

Embryonic cells that migrate to various locations, giving rise to diverse structures like the skull, nerves, and pigment cells.

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Dorsal Fin

A fin located on the back of a fish, helping with stability and maneuvering.

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Pectoral Fin

Fins located near the chest of a fish, used for steering and braking.

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Osteichthyes Characteristics

Bony fishes share key features like a bony skeleton, operculum, swim bladder, and lateral line system.

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Amphibian Skin

Amphibian skin is moist and permeable, allowing for gas exchange but making them vulnerable to desiccation.

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Amphibian Reproduction

Amphibians lay eggs in water, and their larval stage (tadpoles) are aquatic.

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Amphibian Metamorphosis

A dramatic transformation from the aquatic larval tadpole stage to the terrestrial adult frog/salamander form.

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Amphibian Basal Lineage

Amphibia represent the basal lineage of Tetrapods, meaning they are the earliest diverging group of four-limbed vertebrates.

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Amniote Adaptations

Amniotes possess adaptations that reduce their reliance on water, such as scales, feathers, or fur.

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Amniotic Membranes

Amniote embryos develop within four extra-embryonic membranes: amnion, chorion, allantois, and yolk sac, each playing a crucial role in development.

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Reptile Characteristics

Reptiles are ectothermic, have dry, scaly skin, breathe through lungs, and lay soft-shelled eggs on land.

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Ectothermic vs. Endothermic

Ectothermic animals rely on external sources of heat (like the sun), while endothermic animals generate their own internal heat.

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Study Notes

Arthropod Classes

  • Class Insecta: Examples include houseflies, monarch butterflies, and honeybees.
  • Class Arachnida: Examples include black widow spiders, scorpions, and ticks.
  • Class Crustacea: Examples include lobsters, crabs, and shrimp.
  • Class Myriapoda: Examples include centipedes and millipedes.
  • Class Chelicerata: Examples include horseshoe crabs and sea spiders.

Insect Orders

    1. Coleoptera (beetles)
    1. Diptera (flies, mosquitoes, gnats)
    1. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
    1. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants, sawflies)
    1. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)
    1. Hemiptera (true bugs, cicadas, aphids, leafhoppers)
    1. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)
    1. Blattodea (cockroaches)
    1. Isoptera (termites)
    1. Mantodea (praying mantises)

Definitions

  • Alimentary canal: Continuous tube from mouth to anus for digestion and waste elimination
  • Parthenogenic: Asexual reproduction from unfertilized eggs.
  • Incurrent siphon: Structure to allow water intake.
  • Excurrent siphon: Structure to allow water outflow.
  • Septa: Thin walls dividing sections (e.g., in fungi, earthworms).
  • Setae: Bristle-like structures for locomotion (e.g., annelids).
  • Nephridium: Organ for waste removal and osmoregulation.
  • Crop: Digestive organ for food storage.
  • Gizzard: Digestive organ for grinding food.
  • Monoecious: Organism with both male and female reproductive organs.
  • Dioecious: Organism with separate male and female reproductive organs.

Echinoderms and Hemichordates

  • Protostome: First opening is the mouth during embryonic development.
  • Deuterostome: Second opening is the mouth during embryonic development.
  • Protostome phyla: Arthropods, molluscs, annelids, nematodes.
  • Deuterostome phyla: Chordates, echinoderms, hemichordates.
  • Echinoderm characteristics: Radially symmetrical, marine invertebrates, water vascular system, tube feet, calcareous endoskeleton.

Chordates and Chondrichthyes

  • Chordate characteristics: Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic organisms, well-developed coelom, complete digestive system.
  • Dorsal hollow nerve cord: Forms from ectoderm folding inward during development; provides structural support and movement

Osteichthyes

  • Osteichthyes characteristics: Bony skeleton, operculum, swim bladder, lateral line system.
  • Buoyancy: Some store oils in livers or use swim bladders.

Amphibia

  • Amphibian Characteristics: Ectothermic, moist permeable skin, larval stage (tadpole) with gills, followed by metamorphosis to adult form, lack scales, feathers or hair, often need water.

Reptiles

  • Reptile characteristics: Ectothermic, dry scaly skin, breathe through lungs, lay soft-shelled, leathery eggs on land.
  • Ectothermic/Endothermic: Ectotherms regulate body temp externally, endotherms internally. Ectotherms require less energy, while endotherms require more energy but are more stable in temp.

Tetrapoda

  • Tetrapoda characteristics: Adapted for life on land, four limbs, possess bony endoskeleton with vertebral column, breathe through lungs.

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Description

Explore the diverse classes of arthropods and various orders of insects in this quiz. Learn about fascinating examples like houseflies, monarch butterflies, and black widow spiders. Test your knowledge on definitions and characteristics of these creatures.

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