Arthrology: Support and Movement 2

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the bursa in synovial joints?

To reduce friction between tendons and bones (correct)

To produce synovial fluid

To connect muscles to tendons

To stabilize the joint during movement

Which type of synovial joint allows for movement in multiple directions?

Ball-and-socket joint (correct)

Hinge joint

Pivot joint

Saddle joint

What does Hilton’s law state regarding nerve supply to joints?

Nerves only provide pain sensation in injuries

Nerves only supply the joint, not the surrounding muscles

Nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles that move it (correct)

Nerves are not involved in joint sensation

What is the main characteristic of uniaxial joints, such as hinge joints?

They allow angular movement in one direction Signup and view all the answers

What property of synovial fluid contributes to its function in joints?

It creates a frictionless environment between bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of synarthroses joints?

Immobile Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of joints is characterized by a joint cavity and synovial fluid?

Synovial joints Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibrous joint allows the least mobility?

Suture Signup and view all the answers

Gomphosis joints are specifically found in which part of the body?

Between teeth and their sockets Signup and view all the answers

Which joint classification is directly related to bones connected by dense connective tissue?

Fibrous joints Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is formed by two bones joined by fibrocartilage?

Symphysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a synchondrosis?

A temporary joint that ossifies over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilaginous joints?

To absorb shock and provide flexibility Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about syndesmosis is true?

It is classified as a type of fibrous joint. Signup and view all the answers

What change occurs to synchondroses as a person ages?

They typically ossify. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is primarily found at the ends of bones in synovial joints?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components surrounds the joint cavity of a synovial joint?

Synovial membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of synovial fluid in a synovial joint?

To lubricate the joint surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What type of reinforcement is often added in some joints, replacing ligaments in areas of high movement?

Muscle tendons Signup and view all the answers

What role do receptors play in the functioning of synovial joints?

They provide feedback for reflex contractions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Support and Movement 2: Arthrology

Arthrology is the study of joints or articulations.
It's derived from Greek words: arthron (joint) and logos (study).

Content

Definition of joints
Classification of joints (based on structure and function)
Characteristics of synovial joints
Joint disorders (Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Definition

Greek: arthron, joint, denoting a joint or articulation
Greek: logos, study

Classification of Joints (Based on Structure)

Fibrous Joints:
- Allow very limited movements.
- Bones are connected by fibrous tissue.
- Types:
  - Sutures (skull): articulation by process & indentation, coronal suture binds frontal and parietal bones, fibrous connective tissue connects bones.
  - Gomphoses (teeth): conical process fits into a socket (e.g., roots of teeth into alveoli of maxillae and mandible).
  - Syndesmoses (distal tibiofibular joint): surface united by an interosseous ligament.
Cartilaginous Joints:
- Allow limited movement.
- Bones are connected by cartilage.
- Types:
  - Synchondroses (temporary): epiphyseal plate (youth), cartilage ossifies in adult life (e.g., epiphysis of child).
  - Symphyses (secondary): two bones joined by fibrocartilage (e.g., inter-body joints of the spine, pubic symphysis).
Synovial Joints:
- Most common type.
- Bone ends covered by articular cartilage.
- Joint cavity containing synovial fluid.
- Articular capsule encloses joint cavity.
- Synovial membranes secrete synovial fluid.
- Types of synovial joints (based on movement): hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, plane, ball-and-socket.

Classification of Joints (Based on Function)

Synovial Joints:
- Hinge (uniaxial): flexion and extension only (e.g., elbow, knee)
- Pivot (uniaxial): rotary movement in one axis (e.g., C1/2, proximal radioulnar)
- Condylar (ellipsoid, biaxial): angular movement in two directions (e.g., wrist, metacarpophalangeal joint)
- Saddle (biaxial): saddle-shaped heads permit movement in two planes (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of thumb)
- Plane (biaxial): gliding or sliding movements (e.g., intercarpal, facet of spine, superior tibiofibular, acromioclavicular)
- Ball-and-socket (multiaxial): movement in all directions (e.g., hip, glenohumeral)

Joint Disorders

Osteoarthritis (OA):
- Degenerative and progressive loss of joint cartilage.
- Factors: aging, obesity, joint irritation, muscle weakness, wear/abrasion.
- Common reason for hip and knee replacement surgery.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA):
- Autoimmune disease where cartilage and joint linings are attacked by the immune system.
- Inflammation of the synovial membrane.
- Formation of abnormal granulation tissue.

Stability of Joints

Articular surfaces (shape, size, arrangement)
Ligaments and capsule
Muscle tone around the joint

Movement of Synovial Joints

Gliding: flat surfaces move back-and-forth and side-to-side.
- Angular Motions: flexion, extension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation.

Clinical Check Point

Physiotherapy for OA
Occupational therapy for RA.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of arthrology, focusing on the study of joints and their classifications. It delves into the characteristics of synovial joints and common joint disorders such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Test your knowledge on the anatomy and function of joint structures.