Arthritis and Sepsis Assessment Quiz

Elevated serum uric acid levels are often seen in gout, but a normal level doesn't rule out gout, especially during acute attacks where levels temporarily drop. High uric acid levels don't definitively confirm gout, as many with high uric acid never develop it.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a good marker for infection and inflammation, more specific than ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).

In autoimmune conditions like lupus and systemic sclerosis, CRP might be normal, while ESR is elevated during active disease. Elevated CRP in these situations suggests a secondary infection, not the underlying disease.

Serum CPK levels help diagnose muscle disorders (myopathy/myositis), but isn't highly reliable due to low specificity and sensitivity. Elevated levels can occur in other conditions.

Elevated CPK can occur due to inflammatory myositis, muscular dystrophy, motor neuron disease, alcohol/drugs (especially statins), myocardial infarction, trauma/exercise/immobilisation, hypothyroidism, and viral myositis.

Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an antibody found in some rheumatic diseases, targeting the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin.

When interpreting biochemical test results, always consider the patient's clinical picture, and different hospital's test accuracy variations.

Biochemical markers like calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and vitamin D can indicate various skeletal disorders like osteoporosis, Paget's disease, renal osteodystrophy, and vitamin D deficiency.

Inflammation of a joint caused by infection.

Surgical procedure to remove infected fluid from a joint.

Testing blood samples for presence of infection.

Blood markers elevated in inflammatory conditions (including sepsis and arthritis).

Type of arthritis caused by uric acid crystal buildup in joints.

Type of arthritis caused by calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints.

Pain and swelling in five or more joints.

Chronic inflammatory condition affecting joints, often symmetrical.

Joint inflammation caused by a viral infection, temporary.

Degenerative joint disease, common in older adults, affecting specific joints.

Injection of steroid into the joint to reduce inflammation.

Arthritis with characteristic symptoms like early-morning stiffness and worsening with inactivity.

A type of inflammatory arthritis strongly associated with enthesitis, affecting small joints.

Symmetrical inflammatory arthritis affecting small joints (hands, feet, wrists).

Inflammation at the point where tendons or ligaments attach to bone.

A type of inflammatory arthritis with asymmetry, lower limb predominance, and enthesitis.

Inflammation in small joints similar to PsA in pattern.

Joints in the fingers between the knuckles and the fingertip.

Joints between the hand (metacarpal) bones and the fingers (phalanges).

Small pits on the surface of the nail associated with PsA.

Separation of the nail from the nail bed; associated with PsA.

Similar involvement on both sides of the body, as seen in RA.

A fracture caused by a fall from a standing height or less, often due to osteoporosis or osteopenia.

A break in one of the vertebrae, often from bending, lifting, or falling.

A fracture caused by repetitive stress, like running or excessive training.

A fracture caused by significant trauma.

A fracture caused by a pre-existing disease or condition like malignancy or bone disease, needing only minimal trauma.

Imaging method for visualizing bones to detect fractures and underlying disorders.

Advanced imaging technique, used when X-rays don't show a fracture but suspicion remains high.

A bone density scan used to diagnose osteoporosis in patients over 50 with fragility fractures.

Includes pain relief (possibly opiates), fracture reduction, and limb immobilization.

Fracture of the femoral neck, often needing joint replacement surgery due to risk of non-union or avascular necrosis.

Physiotherapy and supervised exercises for regaining mobility and strength.

A broken vertebrae, clinically suspected. Needs examination for end plate depression on X-ray.

Treatment options for rheumatic diseases encompassing education, exercise, pain management, and disease-modifying therapies.

Providing information about the condition, treatment, and prognosis to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.

Exercise program focused on cardiovascular fitness, reducing pain and disability in rheumatic conditions.

Exercises to build muscle strength around affected joints, reducing pain and improving function in rheumatic conditions.

Over-the-counter pain relievers used to manage discomfort in rheumatic conditions.

Treatments aimed at altering the disease process in rheumatic conditions, slowing progression.

Scheduling activities to avoid overexertion and preserve energy in managing rheumatic conditions.

Multidisciplinary approach to education, support for the whole family, and assistance for school and psychological well-being.

Aerobic and local strengthening exercises can reduce pain, improve function, and address associated issues.

Short, frequent sessions of strengthening exercise are more beneficial than infrequent, prolonged ones.

Exercise that puts pressure on bones, resulting in modest bone density increases and slower bone loss.

Strategies to avoid worsening arthritis symptoms caused by impact or repeated joint use.

Forces on a joint during activities that cause strong impact.

Repeated use of a joint or nearby tissue that can worsen arthritis symptoms.

Applying heat or ice to a specific area to soothe muscle pain and inflammation in rheumatic diseases.

Using water to relieve pain and improve movement in rheumatic diseases.

Temporary supports for painful joints preventing harmful postures.

More permanent devices decreasing joint instability and abnormal movement.

Tools like raised toilet seats, or adapted tools to improve daily living.

Methods to manage chronic pain and disability.