Arteries, Veins, and Lymphatic Systems

Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues.

Returns deoxygenated blood from tissues back to the heart.

Exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.

Narrowing of arteries in response to signals, eg, stress (fight-or-flight).

Widening of arteries in response to signals, eg, relaxation.

Dry due to insufficient blood supply to the tissue.

Occurs primarily through capillaries, involving oxygen, nutrients, and waste transfer.

Plays a role in returning excess interstitial fluid to the cardiovascular system.

A network of vessels, tissues, and organs that help maintain fluid balance, remove waste, and fight infection.

Lymph fluid carries white blood cells, waste products, and excess fluid from tissues back to the bloodstream.

Small, pump-like segments within lymphatic vessels that help move lymph fluid through the body.

Lymphangions contract in response to various stimuli, including nerve stimulation, muscle contraction, and pressure changes.

Lymph fluid eventually drains back into the venous circulation, returning to the heart.

Thin, valved vessels that carry lymph fluid throughout the body.

Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid, removing waste and pathogens.

The lymphatic system does not extend into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the cornea.

The lymphatic system transports white blood cells and antigens, playing a key role in immune responses.

MLD utilizes gentle, rhythmic massage techniques to stimulate lymphatic flow and reduce fluid retention.

Blood travels from capillaries to venules, then to veins (superficial, deep, and perforating). Superficial veins run on top of muscular fascia, deep veins run below, and perforating veins connect them.

Veins have three layers, but they are thinner and less elastic than arteries because venous pressure is lower. This makes them prone to collapsing or tearing.

Valves in veins prevent backflow of blood. They open as blood flows toward the heart, but close to prevent backward movement.

Venous blood moves towards the heart mainly due to muscle contractions, like walking, ankle pumps or compression pumps.

Distended, enlarged veins caused by weakened venous walls and failing valves, leading to blood pooling in the veins.

The backward flow of blood in veins due to valves not closing properly.

Venous wounds are often wet due to blood collecting in the veins, venules, and capillaries, seeping into the surrounding tissues.

The lymphatic system works alongside the venous system to remove excess fluid, waste, and pathogens from tissues.

The lymphatic system helps protect the body from infection and disease by transporting immune cells and filtering lymph fluid.

The lymphatic system runs parallel to the venous system and returns excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream, working alongside the venous system.

A state where the body loses more fluids than it takes in, leading to a decrease in total body water.

Fluid moving from one space in the body to another, often due to trauma, inflammation, or liver disease.

Fluid that accumulates in an abnormal location within the body, like the peritoneal cavity or pleural cavity.

Fluid build-up in the peritoneal cavity, the space surrounding the abdominal organs.

Fluid build-up in the pleural cavity, the space between the lungs and chest wall.

A substance that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution.

The liquid that dissolves the solute to form a solution.

The four compartments in the human body where fluid is found are: intracellular space, interstitial space, intravascular space, and transcellular space.

Fluid found outside of cells, specifically in the intravascular space (within blood vessels) and interstitial space (between cells).

Fluid found inside cells. It makes up the majority of body fluid.

An imbalance in the amount of fluid in the ICF or ECF, either due to fluid gain or loss.

Excess fluid buildup in the interstitial space, leading to swelling.

Excess fluid in the blood vessels, increasing blood volume.

Excessive loss of water or inadequate water intake leading to dehydration.

Reduced blood volume due to fluid loss, leading to vascular collapse.

The movement of lymph fluid throughout the lymphatic system.

The main lymphatic vessel in the body, draining lymph from the left side of the body.