Arterial vs Venous Thrombi
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of low-dose aspirin in preventing thrombosis?

  • Fibrinolytic effect
  • Anti-inflammatory effect
  • Antiplatelet effect (correct)
  • Anticoagulant effect
  • What is the characteristic feature of arterial thrombi?

  • Red blood cell-rich with intact endothelium
  • Fibrin-rich with red blood cells
  • Fibrin-poor with activated platelets
  • Platelet-rich with damaged endothelium (correct)
  • Which of the following drugs is preferred for treating hypertriglyceridemia?

  • Bile acid sequestrants
  • Ezetimibe
  • Statins
  • Fibric acid derivatives (correct)
  • What is the primary source of cholesterol in the body?

    <p>Both endogenous synthesis and exogenous sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of statins in the cholesterol synthesis pathway?

    <p>HMG CoA reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ezetimibe in lipid management?

    <p>Inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of venous thrombi?

    <p>Fibrin-rich with red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of alirocumab?

    <p>Inhibiting PCSK9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of niacin on HDL?

    <p>Decreases degradation of HDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using fibric acid derivatives?

    <p>Hypertriglyceridemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is known to increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis when used with statins?

    <p>Gemfibrozil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of niacin in reducing LDL cholesterol levels?

    <p>Inhibits the lipase enzyme in the adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the limited use of niacin in clinical practice?

    <p>Various adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of fenofibrate?

    <p>Fibrate with the longest half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is commonly associated with statins and is detected by elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels?

    <p>Rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ezetimibe's primary mechanism of action?

    <p>Inhibiting intestinal absorption of cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which condition is Alirocumab particularly preferred?

    <p>Familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of lipid-lowering agents are considered the oldest and safest?

    <p>Bile acid sequestrants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bile acid sequestrants primarily lower cholesterol levels?

    <p>By increasing bile acid synthesis, competing with cholesterol synthesis in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein does Alirocumab bind to in order to reduce circulating LDL-cholesterol?

    <p>PCSK9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect can occur due to the elevated levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK)?

    <p>Rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of bile acids is typically reabsorbed without the effect of bile acid sequestrants?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bile acid sequestrant is considered safest for use during pregnancy?

    <p>Colesevelam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of bile acid sequestrants?

    <p>Hypertriglyceridemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is known to interact with bile acid sequestrants?

    <p>Warfarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gemfibrozil has the highest risk of causing which side effect when taken with statins?

    <p>Rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fibric acid derivative is considered safest when used with statins?

    <p>Fenofibrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is associated with the use of bile acid sequestrants and results in stones?

    <p>Gall stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with type III and IV hyperlipidemia, which drug class is commonly used to decrease triglycerides?

    <p>Fibric acid derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is NOT typically associated with bile acid sequestrants?

    <p>Hypercalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme converts HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a target for statins?

    <p>HMG-CoA reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does low cholesterol in hepatocytes affect LDL receptors?

    <p>Increases the expression of LDL receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a pharmacodynamic effect of statins?

    <p>Increased platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what percentage can statins decrease LDL-C levels?

    <p>20 - 55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a shorter-acting statin that should preferably be administered at night?

    <p>Simvastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do atorvastatin and simvastatin primarily get metabolized?

    <p>By CYP3A4 enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What time of day is endogenous cholesterol synthesis at its maximum?

    <p>Night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following effects is commonly observed with statin therapy?

    <p>Increase in HDL levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

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