38 Questions
What is the primary mechanism of action of low-dose aspirin in preventing thrombosis?
Antiplatelet effect
What is the characteristic feature of arterial thrombi?
Platelet-rich with damaged endothelium
Which of the following drugs is preferred for treating hypertriglyceridemia?
Fibric acid derivatives
What is the primary source of cholesterol in the body?
Both endogenous synthesis and exogenous sources
What is the target of statins in the cholesterol synthesis pathway?
HMG CoA reductase
What is the role of ezetimibe in lipid management?
Inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption
What is the characteristic feature of venous thrombi?
Fibrin-rich with red blood cells
What is the mechanism of action of alirocumab?
Inhibiting PCSK9
What is the primary effect of niacin on HDL?
Decreases degradation of HDL
What is the primary indication for using fibric acid derivatives?
Hypertriglyceridemia
Which of the following drugs is known to increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis when used with statins?
Gemfibrozil
What is the mechanism of action of niacin in reducing LDL cholesterol levels?
Inhibits the lipase enzyme in the adipose tissue
What is the primary reason for the limited use of niacin in clinical practice?
Various adverse effects
What is the classification of fenofibrate?
Fibrate with the longest half-life
Which side effect is commonly associated with statins and is detected by elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels?
Rhabdomyolysis
What is Ezetimibe's primary mechanism of action?
Inhibiting intestinal absorption of cholesterol
For which condition is Alirocumab particularly preferred?
Familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia
What class of lipid-lowering agents are considered the oldest and safest?
Bile acid sequestrants
How do bile acid sequestrants primarily lower cholesterol levels?
By increasing bile acid synthesis, competing with cholesterol synthesis in the liver
What protein does Alirocumab bind to in order to reduce circulating LDL-cholesterol?
PCSK9
What adverse effect can occur due to the elevated levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK)?
Rhabdomyolysis
What percentage of bile acids is typically reabsorbed without the effect of bile acid sequestrants?
95%
Which bile acid sequestrant is considered safest for use during pregnancy?
Colesevelam
What is a common side effect of bile acid sequestrants?
Hypertriglyceridemia
Which of the following medications is known to interact with bile acid sequestrants?
Warfarin
Gemfibrozil has the highest risk of causing which side effect when taken with statins?
Rhabdomyolysis
Which fibric acid derivative is considered safest when used with statins?
Fenofibrate
Which side effect is associated with the use of bile acid sequestrants and results in stones?
Gall stones
In patients with type III and IV hyperlipidemia, which drug class is commonly used to decrease triglycerides?
Fibric acid derivatives
What side effect is NOT typically associated with bile acid sequestrants?
Hypercalcemia
What enzyme converts HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a target for statins?
HMG-CoA reductase
How does low cholesterol in hepatocytes affect LDL receptors?
Increases the expression of LDL receptors
Which of the following is NOT a pharmacodynamic effect of statins?
Increased platelet aggregation
By what percentage can statins decrease LDL-C levels?
20 - 55%
Which is a shorter-acting statin that should preferably be administered at night?
Simvastatin
How do atorvastatin and simvastatin primarily get metabolized?
By CYP3A4 enzyme
What time of day is endogenous cholesterol synthesis at its maximum?
Night
Which of the following effects is commonly observed with statin therapy?
Increase in HDL levels
This quiz compares and contrasts arterial and venous thrombi, including their formation and characteristics. It also touches on the use of low-dose aspirin as an antiplatelet medication.
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