Questions and Answers
Which primary alteration is associated with an increase in plasma HCO3?
Metabolic alkalosis
What is the primary change associated with metabolic acidosis?
Loss of HCO3 by the kidney
What response mechanism in the plasma is associated with respiratory acidosis?
pCO2 increase
Which acid-base disorder is associated with a gain of HCO3 or loss of H+?
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What is observed with compensation in metabolic alkalosis?
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Which condition is associated with decreased coronary blood flow and decreased angina threshold?
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What is the primary alteration associated with metabolic alkalosis in plasma?
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What response mechanism in the plasma is associated with respiratory alkalosis?
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What acid-base disorder is associated with the loss of HCO3 or buffering by acids?
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What is observed with compensation in metabolic acidosis?
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What is the primary alteration associated with metabolic acidosis in plasma?
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Which condition is associated with increased risk of arrhythmias?
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What is the primary change associated with metabolic alkalosis?
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Which acid-base disorder is associated with the loss of HCO3 or buffering by acids?
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What response mechanism in the plasma is associated with respiratory alkalosis?
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Study Notes
Arterial Blood Gases
- Arterial pH: 7.35-7.45
- PCO2: 35-45 (40±5)
- PO2: 70-100
- Bicarbonate: 22-26 (24±2)
- Oxygen saturation: 93-98%
Acid-Base Disorders
- 4 broad categories:
- Metabolic acidosis
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Respiratory acidosis (acute and chronic)
- Respiratory alkalosis (acute and chronic)
- Acid-base disorders can be:
- Simple (single process)
- Complex (or mixed), denoting a condition where two or three processes are occurring simultaneously
Adverse Effects of Acid-Base Imbalance
Adverse Effects of Severe Acidemia (≤pH 7.25)
- Hypotension
- Increased risk of arrhythmias
- Decreased catecholamine responsiveness
- Obtundation/coma
- Increased metabolic demands
- Hyperkalemia
- Hyperventilation
- Diaphragmatic fatigue/dyspnea
Adverse Effects of Severe Alkalemia (≥pH 7.5)
- (no specific effects mentioned in the provided text)
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