Arterial Blood Flow and Peripheral Resistance Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which factors affect resistance to blood flow in arteries?

Viscosity and vessel diameter (correct)

Arterial pressure and cardiac output

Endothelial cells and laminar flow

Turbulence and Reynold's number

What is the equation for Reynold's number (Re)?

Re = velocity of flow x radius of vessel x viscosity (correct)

Re = velocity of flow / radius of vessel / viscosity

Re = velocity of flow / radius of vessel x viscosity

Re = velocity of flow x radius of vessel / viscosity

What happens to resistance when flow is turbulent?

Resistance increases (correct)

Resistance remains the same

Resistance decreases

Resistance cannot be determined

What are the characteristics of laminar flow?

Parabolic velocity profile, adherence of fluid molecules to vessel wall Signup and view all the answers

What does Poiseuille's law describe?

The relationship between flow, pressure, and resistance in a vessel Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical value of Reynold's number (Re)?

The value at which turbulence is highly likely Signup and view all the answers

How does flow affect viscosity?

Flow decreases viscosity Signup and view all the answers

According to LaPlace's Law, the tension (T) in a vessel wall is proportional to the distending pressure (P) and the radius (R) of the vessel. Which of the following vessels would require the lowest tension to oppose blood pressure?

Capillary Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a practical consequence of LaPlace's Law?

Stretch-activated Ca2+ channels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the regulation of blood flow in arterioles?

Smooth muscle control Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of regulation for tissue blood flow?

Vasomotion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of capillaries?

Control regional distribution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the acute regulation of local blood flow?

Vasodilator theory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the slowest velocity of blood flow?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a specialised flow in the body?

Brain flow Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Factors Affecting Blood Flow

Several factors affect resistance to blood flow in arteries, including vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and flow velocity.

Reynold's Number

The equation for Reynold's number (Re) is: Re = ρUL/μ, where ρ is fluid density, U is mean fluid velocity, L is characteristic length, and μ is fluid viscosity.
Reynold's number predicts whether flow is laminar or turbulent.

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

When flow is turbulent, resistance increases.
Characteristics of laminar flow include smooth, continuous flow with little mixing, and a parabolic velocity profile.

Poiseuille's Law

Poiseuille's law describes the relationship between pressure, flow rate, and resistance in laminar flow: ΔP = 8QL/πr^4, where ΔP is pressure difference, Q is flow rate, L is length, and r is radius.

Critical Reynold's Number

The critical value of Reynold's number (Re) is around 2000, above which flow is likely to be turbulent.

Flow and Viscosity

Flow affects viscosity, with high-flow rates reducing viscosity (non-Newtonian fluids) and low-flow rates increasing it.

LaPlace's Law

LaPlace's Law states that the tension (T) in a vessel wall is proportional to the distending pressure (P) and the radius (R) of the vessel: T = PR.

Vessel Tension

Smaller vessels require lower tension to oppose blood pressure.

Regulation of Blood Flow

Arterioles are responsible for regulating blood flow.
Mechanisms of regulation include myogenic, metabolic, and neurohumoral mechanisms.
Autoregulation is responsible for the acute regulation of local blood flow.

Blood Flow Characteristics

Capillaries are characterized by their thin walls, high surface area, and slow flow velocity.
The slowest velocity of blood flow occurs in capillaries.

Specialised Flows

Specialised flows in the body include coronary, cerebral, and placental flows.
Lymphatic flow is NOT a specialized flow in the body.

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Description

Test your knowledge on arterial blood flow and peripheral resistance in the vasculature with this quiz. Learn about factors affecting resistance to blood flow, regulation of tissue blood flow, and the role of capillaries. Discover how arterial pressure is determined and understand the concepts of laminar flow and turbulence.