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Questions and Answers
Which factors affect resistance to blood flow in arteries?
What is the equation for Reynold's number (Re)?
What happens to resistance when flow is turbulent?
What are the characteristics of laminar flow?
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What does Poiseuille's law describe?
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What is the critical value of Reynold's number (Re)?
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How does flow affect viscosity?
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According to LaPlace's Law, the tension (T) in a vessel wall is proportional to the distending pressure (P) and the radius (R) of the vessel. Which of the following vessels would require the lowest tension to oppose blood pressure?
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Which of the following is NOT a practical consequence of LaPlace's Law?
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Which of the following is responsible for the regulation of blood flow in arterioles?
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Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of regulation for tissue blood flow?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of capillaries?
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Which of the following is responsible for the acute regulation of local blood flow?
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Which of the following is the slowest velocity of blood flow?
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Which of the following is NOT a specialised flow in the body?
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Study Notes
Factors Affecting Blood Flow
- Several factors affect resistance to blood flow in arteries, including vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and flow velocity.
Reynold's Number
- The equation for Reynold's number (Re) is: Re = ρUL/μ, where ρ is fluid density, U is mean fluid velocity, L is characteristic length, and μ is fluid viscosity.
- Reynold's number predicts whether flow is laminar or turbulent.
Laminar and Turbulent Flow
- When flow is turbulent, resistance increases.
- Characteristics of laminar flow include smooth, continuous flow with little mixing, and a parabolic velocity profile.
Poiseuille's Law
- Poiseuille's law describes the relationship between pressure, flow rate, and resistance in laminar flow: ΔP = 8QL/πr^4, where ΔP is pressure difference, Q is flow rate, L is length, and r is radius.
Critical Reynold's Number
- The critical value of Reynold's number (Re) is around 2000, above which flow is likely to be turbulent.
Flow and Viscosity
- Flow affects viscosity, with high-flow rates reducing viscosity (non-Newtonian fluids) and low-flow rates increasing it.
LaPlace's Law
- LaPlace's Law states that the tension (T) in a vessel wall is proportional to the distending pressure (P) and the radius (R) of the vessel: T = PR.
Vessel Tension
- Smaller vessels require lower tension to oppose blood pressure.
Regulation of Blood Flow
- Arterioles are responsible for regulating blood flow.
- Mechanisms of regulation include myogenic, metabolic, and neurohumoral mechanisms.
- Autoregulation is responsible for the acute regulation of local blood flow.
Blood Flow Characteristics
- Capillaries are characterized by their thin walls, high surface area, and slow flow velocity.
- The slowest velocity of blood flow occurs in capillaries.
Specialised Flows
- Specialised flows in the body include coronary, cerebral, and placental flows.
- Lymphatic flow is NOT a specialized flow in the body.
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Description
Test your knowledge on arterial blood flow and peripheral resistance in the vasculature with this quiz. Learn about factors affecting resistance to blood flow, regulation of tissue blood flow, and the role of capillaries. Discover how arterial pressure is determined and understand the concepts of laminar flow and turbulence.
